干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Evaluate and characterize mechanisms controlling transport, fate and effects of Army smokes in the aerosol wind tunnel: Transport, transformations, fate, and terrestrial ecological effects of red phosphorus-butyl rubber and white phosphorus obscurant smokes: Final report

Arid

DOI	10.2172/5786375
报告编号	PNL-6071
来源ID	OSTI_ID: 5786375
	Evaluate and characterize mechanisms controlling transport, fate and effects of Army smokes in the aerosol wind tunnel: Transport, transformations, fate, and terrestrial ecological effects of red phosphorus-butyl rubber and white phosphorus obscurant smokes: Final report
	Van Voris, P.; Ligotke, M.W.; McFadden, K.M.; Li, S.M.W.; Thomas, B.L.; Cataldo, D.A.; Garland, T.R.; Fredrickson, J.K.; Bean, R.M.; Carlile, D.W.
英文摘要	An evaluation of the terrestrial transport, transformations and ecological effects of phosphorus (red phosphorus-butyl rubber (RP/BR)) smoke obscurant was performed at Pacific Northwest Laboratory. A similar evaluation using white phosphorus (WP) smoke/obscurant is currently proceeding. The objective is to characterize the effects of smokes and obscurants on: (1) natural vegetation characteristic of US Army training sites in the United States; (2) physical and chemical properties of representative of soils of those sites; and (3) soil microbiological communities. The influence and interactions of smoke/obscurant concentration, relative humidity (25%, 60%, 90% and simulated rain) and wind speed of 0.22 to 4.45 m/s by smoke is assessed. Five plant species and four soils were exposed to both single and repeated doses of RP/BR smokes in the Pacific Northwest Laboratory ''P-3'' rated recirculating environmental wind tunnel. Detailed results for RP/BR and limited results for WP are presented. Toxicity symptoms for plants exposed for 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours to concentrations of RP/BR ranging from 200 mg/m/sup 3/ included leaf tip burn, leaf curl, leaf abscission and drop, floral abortion, chlorosis, neucrotic spotting, wilting, desiccation and dieback. Grass and bushbean were the most sensitive. The intensity and duration of these effects varied. Soils effects data suggest that there is an increase in the mobility of selected trace elements after exposure; however, this effect appears to be ameliorated with time. Soil microbial community effects show a reduction in the production of nitrate after soil is exposed to RP/BR smoke. Most of the plant, soil and soil microbial effects are transient in nature and are somewhat less intense resulting from repeated exposures; however, there is evidence that some of these environmental impacts may be persistent. 43 refs., 44 figs., 67 tabs.
出版年	1987
报告类型	Technical Report
语种	英语
国家	美国
来源学科分类	54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ; 63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT. ; PHOSPHATES ; BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS ; ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ; PHOSPHINES ; PHOSPHORUS ; PLANTS ; BIOLOGICAL STRESS ; SMOKES ; SOILS ; CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ; ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT ; MICROORGANISMS ; PARTICLE SIZE ; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ; PROGRESS REPORT ; TOXICITY ; WIND TUNNELS ; AEROSOLS ; COLLOIDS ; DISPERSIONS ; DOCUMENT TYPES ; ELEMENTS ; MASS TRANSFER ; NONMETALS ; OXYGEN COMPOUNDS ; PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS ; RESIDUES ; SIZE ; SOLS ; TUNNELS ; UNDERGROUND FACILITIES 510200* -- Environment, Terrestrial-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989) ; 560300 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
URL	http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/5786375
资源类型	科技报告
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/263956
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Van Voris, P.,Ligotke, M.W.,McFadden, K.M.,et al. Evaluate and characterize mechanisms controlling transport, fate and effects of Army smokes in the aerosol wind tunnel: Transport, transformations, fate, and terrestrial ecological effects of red phosphorus-butyl rubber and white phosphorus obscurant smokes: Final report,1987.