干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Summary of national and international fuel cycle and radioactive waste management programs, 1984

Arid

DOI	10.2172/6649181
报告编号	PNL-5138
来源ID	OSTI_ID: 6649181
	Summary of national and international fuel cycle and radioactive waste management programs, 1984
	Harmon, K.M.; Lakey, L.T.; Leigh, I.W.
英文摘要	Worldwide activities related to nuclear fuel cycle and radioactive waste management programs are summarized. Several trends have developed in waste management strategy: All countries having to dispose of reprocessing wastes plan on conversion of the high-level waste (HLW) stream to a borosilicate glass and eventual emplacement of the glass logs, suitably packaged, in a deep geologic repository. Countries that must deal with plutonium-contaminated waste emphasize pluonium recovery, volume reduction and fixation in cement or bitumen in their treatment plans and expect to use deep geologic repositories for final disposal. Commercially available, classical engineering processing are being used worldwide to treat and immobilize low- and intermediate-level wastes (LLW, ILW); disposal to surface structures, shallow-land burial and deep-underground repositories, such as played-out mines, is being done widely with no obvious technical problems. Many countries have established extensive programs to prepare for construction and operation of geologic repositories. Geologic media being studied fall into three main classes: argillites (clay or shale); crystalline rock (granite, basalt, gneiss or gabbro); and evaporates (salt formations). Most nations plan to allow 30 years or longer between discharge of fuel from the reactor and emplacement of HLW or spent fuel is a repository to permit thermal and radioactive decay. Most repository designs are based on the mined-gallery concept, placing waste or spent fuel packages into shallow holes in the floor of the gallery. Many countries have established extensive and costly programs of site evaluation, repository development and safety assessment. Two other waste management problems are the subject of major R and D programs in several countries: stabilization of uranium mill tailing piles; and immobilization or disposal of contaminated nuclear facilities, namely reactors, fuel cycle plants and R and D laboratories.
出版年	1984
报告类型	Technical Report
语种	英语
国家	美国
来源学科分类	12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES ; 29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY AND ECONOMY ; ARGENTINA ; RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT ; AUSTRALIA ; HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES ; LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES ; BELGIUM ; BRAZIL ; CANADA ; CHINA ; COMECON ; DENMARK ; FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY ; FINLAND ; FRANCE ; INDIA ; ITALY ; JAPAN ; MEXICO ; NETHERLANDS ; PAKISTAN ; RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL ; RADIOACTIVE WASTE PROCESSING ; REPUBLIC OF KOREA ; SOUTH AFRICA ; SPAIN ; SWEDEN ; SWITZERLAND ; TAIWAN ; UNITED KINGDOM ; USA ; USSR ; ARGILLITE ; BASALT ; BOROSILICATE GLASS ; GABBROS ; GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS ; GNEISSES ; GRANITES ; INTERMEDIATE-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES ; SALT DEPOSITS ; SOLIDIFICATION ; VITRIFICATION ; AFRICA ; ASIA ; AUSTRALASIA ; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ; EASTERN EUROPE ; EUROPE ; GLASS ; IGNEOUS ROCKS ; INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ; ISLANDS ; LATIN AMERICA ; MANAGEMENT ; MATERIALS ; METAMORPHIC ROCKS ; NORTH AMERICA ; PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS ; PLUTONIC ROCKS ; PROCESSING ; RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS ; RADIOACTIVE WASTES ; ROCKS ; SCANDINAVIA ; SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ; SHALES ; SOUTH AMERICA ; VOLCANIC ROCKS ; WASTE DISPOSAL ; WASTE MANAGEMENT ; WASTE PROCESSING ; WASTES ; WESTERN EUROPE 052002* -- Nuclear Fuels-- Waste Disposal & Storage ; 052001 -- Nuclear Fuels-- Waste Processing ; 290600 -- Energy Planning & Policy-- Nuclear Energy
URL	http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/6649181
资源类型	科技报告
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/263617
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Harmon, K.M.,Lakey, L.T.,Leigh, I.W.. Summary of national and international fuel cycle and radioactive waste management programs, 1984,1984.