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DOI	10.2172/6093147
报告编号	UCRL-53210
来源ID	OSTI_ID: 6093147
	Technology assessment: environmental, health, and safety impacts associated with oil recovery from US tar-sand deposits
	Daniels, J.I.; Anspaugh, L.R.; Ricker, Y.E.
英文摘要	The tar-sand resources of the US have the potential to yield as much as 36 billion barrels (bbls) of oil. The tar-sand petroleum-extraction technologies now being considered for commercialization in the United States include both surface (above ground) systems and in situ (underground) procedures. The surface systems currently receiving the most attention include: (1) thermal decomposition processes (retorting); (2) suspension methods (solvent extraction); and (3) washing techniques (water separation). Underground bitumen extraction techniques now being field tested are: (1) in situ combustion; and (2) in situ steam-injection procedures. At this time, any commercial tar-sand facility in the US will have to comply with at least 7 major federal regulations in addition to state regulations; building, electrical, and fire codes; and petroleum-industry construction standards. Pollution-control methods needed by tar-sand technologies to comply with regulatory standards and to protect air, land, and water quality will probably be similar to those already proposed for commercial oil-shale systems. The costs of these systems could range from about $1.20 to $2.45 per barrel of oil produced. Estimates of potential pollution-emisson levels affecting land, air, and water were calculated from available data related to current surface and in situ tar-sand field experiments in the US. These data were then extrapolated to determine pollutant levels expected from conceptual commercial surface and in situ facilities producing 20,000 bbl/d. The likelihood-of-occurrence of these impacts was then assessed. Experience from other industries, including information concerning health and ecosystem damage from air pollutants, measurements of ground-water transport of organic pollutants, and the effectiveness of environmental-control technologies was used to make this assessment.
出版年	1981
报告类型	Technical Report
语种	英语
国家	美国
来源学科分类	29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY AND ECONOMY ; 04 OIL SHALES AND TAR SANDS ; OIL SAND INDUSTRY ; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ; TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT ; OIL SANDS ; ENERGY SOURCE DEVELOPMENT ; AIR POLLUTION ; LAND USE ; OIL SAND MINING ; POLLUTION CONTROL ; RECOMMENDATIONS ; REGULATIONS ; RISK ASSESSMENT ; SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ; WATER POLLUTION ; BITUMINOUS MATERIALS ; CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS ; CONTROL ; ENERGY SOURCES ; FOSSIL FUELS ; FUELS ; INDUSTRY ; INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS ; MATERIALS ; MINING ; POLLUTION 294004* -- Energy Planning & Policy-- Oil Shales & Tar Sands ; 290300 -- Energy Planning & Policy-- Environment, Health, & Safety ; 041000 -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Environmental Aspects
URL	http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/6093147
资源类型	科技报告
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/263167
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Daniels, J.I.,Anspaugh, L.R.,Ricker, Y.E.. Technology assessment: environmental, health, and safety impacts associated with oil recovery from US tar-sand deposits,1981.