Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| DOI | 10.2172/5406419 |
| 报告编号 | PNL-3198 |
| 来源ID | OSTI_ID: 5406419 |
| Durability of metals from archaeological objects, metal meteorites, and native metals | |
| Johnson, A.B. Jr.; Francis, B. | |
| 英文摘要 | Metal durability is an important consideration in the multi-barrier nuclear waste storage concept. This study summarizes the ancient metals, the environments, and factors which appear to have contributed to metal longevity. Archaeological and radiochemical dating suggest that human use of metals began in the period 6000 to 7000 BC. Gold is clearly the most durable, but many objects fashioned from silver, copper, bronze, iron, lead, and tin have survived for several thousand years. Dry environments, such as tombs, appear to be optimum for metal preservation, but some metals have survived in shipwrecks for over a thousand years. The metal meteorites are Fe-base alloys with 5 to 60 wt% Ni and minor amounts of Co, I, and S. Some meteoritic masses with ages estimated to be 5,000 to 20,000 years have weathered very little, while other masses from the same meteorites are in advanced stages of weathering. Native metals are natural metallic ores. Approximately five million tonnes were mined from native copper deposits in Michigan. Copper masses from the Michigan deposits were transported by the Pleistocene glaciers. Areas on the copper surfaces which appear to represent glacial abrasion show minimal corrosion. Dry cooling tower technology has demonstrated that in pollution-free moist environments, metals fare better at temperatures above than below the dewpoint. Thus, in moderate temperature regimes, elevated temperatures may be useful rather than detrimental for exposures of metal to air. In liquid environments, relatively complex radiolysis reactions can occur, particularly where multiple species are present. A dry environment largely obviates radiolysis effects. |
| 出版年 | 1980 |
| 报告类型 | Technical Report |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 国家 | 美国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 58 GEOSCIENCES ; 12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES ; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE ; ARCHAEOLOGICAL SPECIMENS ; WEATHERING ; METALS ; METEORITES ; RADIOACTIVE WASTE STORAGE ; CONTAINERS ; CORROSION ; MOISTURE ; CHEMICAL REACTIONS ; ELEMENTS ; MANAGEMENT ; STORAGE ; WASTE MANAGEMENT ; WASTE STORAGE 580100* -- Geology & Hydrology-- (-1989) ; 052002 -- Nuclear Fuels-- Waste Disposal & Storage ; 360105 -- Metals & Alloys-- Corrosion & Erosion |
| URL | http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/5406419 |
| 资源类型 | 科技报告 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/259933 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Johnson, A.B. Jr.,Francis, B.. Durability of metals from archaeological objects, metal meteorites, and native metals,1980. |
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