Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| Mapping the Air Pollution in High-Density Urban Environments of Hong Kong for Environmental Urban Planning and Design Using Land Use Regression Approach | |
| [null] | |
| 出版年 | 2016 |
| 英文摘要 | 經濟和社會發展的需求促使當代城市的發展越來越趨向於緊湊型發展模式。高速城市化進程在擴大了城市規模的同時也增加了城市密度。無論在發達國家還是發展中國家，城市都演變得更加緊湊與高密度。從城市規劃的角度着眼，緊湊型城市發展模式可以最大化利用土地資源，降低交通成本以及更高效地利用城市公共基礎設施，因而在經濟上具有更高的可行性。但是，缺乏合理引導和管理的緊湊型城市發展會導致諸多環境問題以及隨之而來的公眾健康威脅。因此，高密度城市規劃設計面對着比其他城市更爲嚴峻的環境挑戰。 城市的發展影響着城市內污染源的分佈，城市的氣候以及市內空氣流通。因此，城市空氣質素與城市規劃緊密相關。衆多研究已經表明土地利用、建築形態等城市規劃設計要素對城市空氣質素狀況有着顯著的影響。但是，已知的研究差距在於城市大氣環境的考慮與城市規劃政策制定之間的整合仍然不足。其原因在於跨學科差異性導致了經典大氣環境研究成果很難被直接應用於城市規劃實踐和政策制定。而且，訓練城市規劃師以及決策制定者將對城市大氣環境的考慮融入城市實踐是一個必須基於完善方案的長期漸進的過程。但是城市空氣質素問題卻迫在眉睫。因此，對城市空氣污染空間分佈以及其決定/影響因素量化並且直觀的理解對於改進城市環境規劃策略與政策制定是十分重要並且急需的。 爲了填補研究空白並滿足城市环境需求，本研究旨在以香港獨特的城市情景爲依託應用土地利用迴歸方法爲亞熱帶高密度城市環境建立用於空氣污染評估的統計迴歸模型，並以迴歸模型爲基礎探究城市空氣污染的空間分佈。不僅如此，本研究還將城市形態要素參量化並將其整合入土地利用迴歸分析模型中。此舉可以將城市空氣質素納入城市規劃設計體系範疇，從而爲高密度城市營造更優越的居住環境。 運用緩衝區分析、分區統計等地理信息分析方法，本研究量化分析了包括土地利用、人口密度以及路網密度等常用城市規劃設計要素指標的空間格局，並以此作爲統計迴歸建模的自變量。對地表形態及其空氣動力學特性在高密度城市情景下尤其重要。藉助於城市氣候學知識，本研究還創新性地將城市/建築形態學要素以及城市地表的空氣動力學特性（如，地表粗糙度）引入統計迴歸建模作爲自變量進行分析。基於對香港環境保護署空氣質素監測網絡長期監測歷史數據的分析以及一系列針對顆粒空氣污染物的車載流動監測，本研究建立了可用於評估香港高密度市區內微細懸浮粒子 (PM2.5) 與可吸入懸浮粒子(PM10) 的直觀可靠的土地利用迴歸模型。以結果模型爲基礎的顆粒空氣污染物空間分佈預測進一步將抽象的監測數據及統計模型轉化爲清晰直觀且豐富多彩的地圖系統。這使得原本複雜的研究結果可以更輕鬆地被城市規劃師、決策者以及普通市民所理解因而具備了更高的實際應用價值。空氣污染物空間分佈地圖可以幫助規劃師、決策者辨識空氣污染熱點地區以便他們能夠採取合理且更具針對性的城市規劃改善措施。總而言之，本研究成果很容易適用於城市空氣質量評價，並可以藉助於地理信息系統平臺與城市規劃師設計師進行共享，以便環境策略能夠與城市發展全面整合進而提供更好的居住環境品質。 Needs of economic and social development have prompted the contemporary urban development increasingly tend to compact development mode. Rapid urbanization is not only increasing the city size but also increasing the city density. Cities becoming more compact and high-density both in developed countries and in developing countries. From the view of urban planning, compact urban development mode is more financially viable because it maximizes the use of land resources, reduces transportation cost and allows more efficient use of public facilities. However, compact urban development without proper guidance and management leads to many environmental issues and associated health risks to the citizens. Therefore, the urban planning and design of high-density cities have to face more serious environmental challenges than other cities. Urban air quality and urban planning are closely connected due to the influence of urban development on the intraurban pollution sources distribution, urban climate, and air ventilation. Numerous studies have shown that urban planning and design-related factors such as land use and building morphology significantly affect the urban air quality condition. However, the known research gap is that the integration of urban atmospheric environmental considerations into urban planning and decision-making practices remains inadequate because it is difficult to find direct solutions from classical atmospheric environmental research outputs due to interdisciplinary barriers. Moreover, training urban planners, decision makers to plan and manage cities with regard to urban atmospheric environmental consideration is a long-term and step-wise process based on a systematic scheme which cannot be achieved instantly. However, urban air quality problems are imminent. Therefore, quantitative and also intuitive understandings of the spatial distribution of urban air quality and its decisive/influential factors are essential and urgently needed for improving environmental urban planning strategies and decision-making. To fill the research gap and to address the practical needs, this study aims to apply the land use regression (LUR) method to establish statistical air pollution estimation models and mapping the urban air pollution for subtropical high-density urban environments by focusing on the unique urban scenario of Hong Kong. Moreover, quantifying and adding the urban morphological parameters into LUR modeling will integrate resultant LUR models with environmental urban planning and design thereby to take intraurban air pollution into urban planning decision-making and design process for creating a better living environment of high-density cities. |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| URL | http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1292167 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/250116 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | [null]. Mapping the Air Pollution in High-Density Urban Environments of Hong Kong for Environmental Urban Planning and Design Using Land Use Regression Approach[D],2016. |
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