Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| Sediment transport and sedimentation dynamics in small mountainous, dry-summer river systems | |
| Gray, Andrew | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | Pasternack, Gregory |
| 学位授予单位 | University of California, Davis |
| 英文摘要 | Fluvial suspended sediment is a master variable affecting a wide range of fluvial and coastal environmental processes, and dominating the terrestrial mass flux to the oceans. Although it has long been recognized that relationships between suspended sediment concentration and discharge are not stationary in small, mountainous rivers over time scales from hours to decades, most studies continue to assume stationarity. This collection of studies directly addresses the issue of non-stationarity in the suspended sediment –discharge relationship of the Salinas River, central California, and examines the progression of abandoned channel fill sequences in the Eel River Estuary of northern California. Preceding these studies is a methodological analysis of the pretreatment of fluvial and marsh sediments for particle size analysis. Pretreatment of sediment with hydrogen peroxide to remove organic constituents and aid deflocculation is a common component of particle size analyses of terrestrial and marine sediments. The first chapter presents the quantitatively determined effect of a range of treatment levels on particle size distribution among four sediment types representing a range of mineral/organic particle size distributions, organic content and particle characterization (charcoal or detrital plant material). The following three chapters examine the effects of antecedent basin conditions on the suspended sediment – discharge relationship in the Salinas River. In chapter two, forty-five years of suspended sediment data from the lower Salinas and 80 years of hydrologic data were used to construct hydrologic descriptors of basin preconditioning and test the effects of these preconditions on suspended sediment behavior. Fine (diameter (D) < 63 μm) and sand sized (D > 63 μm) sediment were found to respond differently to antecedent hydrologic conditions. Fine sediment was most sensitive to flushing flows of moderate discharge (10 – 20x mean discharge (Qmean) that led to lower subsequent fine sediment concentrations, while sand concentrations were generally decreased by periods of drought and longer elapsed time since a wide range of discharges acting as maintenance flows. Chapter three examines the interannual to decadal scale persistence of suspended sediment – discharge relationship states in the lower Salinas River, assesses the role of antecedent hydrologic conditions in controlling these patterns, and addresses their relationship to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climatic states. The decadal scale variability in suspended sediment behavior was influenced by interannual to decadal scale fluctuations in hydrologic characteristics, including: elapsed time since small (∼ 0.1x Qmean), and moderate (∼ 10x Qmean) threshold discharge values, the number of preceding days that low/no flow occurred, and annual water yield. El Niño climatic activity was found to have little effect on decadal-scale fluctuations in the fine suspended sediment – discharge relationship due to low or no effect on the frequency of moderate to low discharge magnitudes, annual precipitation, and water yield. However, sand concentrations generally increased in El Niño years due to the increased frequency of moderate to high magnitude discharge events, which generally increase sand supply. Chapter four brings to bear the decadal scale persistence of suspended sediment - discharge behavior, the effects of antecedent hydrologic conditions, and ENSO influences on the estimation of inter-decadal scale sediment flux from the Salinas River. The longer sampling records employed in this study and incorporation of decadal scale behavior or antecedent hydrologic conditions resulted in average annual load estimates of 2.1 or 2.4 Mt, in comparison to earlier estimates of ∼ 3.3 Mt by previous researchers. El Niño years dominated the sediment budget by producing on average ten times more sediment than non-El Niño years. Chapter five proposes a modification of the current generic model for abandoned channel fill stratigraphy produced in unidirectional flow river reaches to incorporate seasonal tidal deposition. This work was based on evidence from two consecutive abandoned channel fill sequences in Ropers Slough of the lower Eel River Estuary. Planform geomorphic characteristics derived from these images were used in conjunction with sub-cm resolution stratigraphic analyses to describe the depositional environment processes and their resultant sedimentary deposits. The abandoned channel fill sequences appeared to differ due to the topographic steering of bed sediment transport and deposition previously identified in rivers experiencing only unidirectional flow, while also expressing the seasonal dichotomy of fluvial and tidal deposits. |
| 英文关键词 | Antecedent conditions Channel avulsion El nino southern oscillation Particle size analysis Stationarity Suspended sediment |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 国家 | United States |
| 来源学科分类 | Hydrologic sciences; Geomorphology; Sedimentary Geology |
| URL | https://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/1617974186.html?FMT=AI |
| 来源机构 | University of California, Davis |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/248141 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Gray, Andrew. Sediment transport and sedimentation dynamics in small mountainous, dry-summer river systems[D]. University of California, Davis,2014. |
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