Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| The Biodiversity and Direct Ecosystem Services and Disservices of Urban Gardens | |
| Clarke, Lorraine Weller | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | Jenerette, Darrel |
| 学位授予单位 | University of California, Riverside |
| 英文摘要 | Urban agricultural systems, like community and home gardens, may act as oases of biodiversity in cities dominated by impervious surfaces. They have also been shown to bridge gaps in food security and provide socio-cultural benefits. Despite these benefits, little research has been conducted that evaluates factors influencing garden plant biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES). Also less intensively researched are ecosystem disservices that gardens can contribute to, like gardener exposure to heavy metals. Urban soil can act as a sink for heavy metal contamination, which is mostly deposited through anthropogenic pollution. This dissertation addresses knowledge gaps about ES with two comprehensive surveys of garden biodiversity and ES production, one on community gardens in Los Angeles (LA), CA and one on home gardens across an urbanizing gradient in Beijing, China. It also addresses disservices and bioavailability of three heavy metals (lead, arsenic, and cadmium) through a soil survey and sequential analysis of heavy metals in LA gardens. My main results indicate an overall shift in biodiversity from provisioning (food and medicinal production) to cultural (ornamental) services with increased gardener income and access to city resources (like grocery stores or markets) in both U.S. and Chinese gardens. This result supports a hierarchy of need, where gardeners preferentially plant species that support their most pressing needs, like food security. Urbanized regions in Beijing and immigrant-run gardens in Los Angeles also formed culturally distinct assemblages of edible species based on shared agricultural experiences. As the most common use for species was food, understanding metal bioavailability is important for accurate risk assessments. Lead, particularly in reducible form, increased the most with age of neighborhood, indicating oxidized lead paint buildup. Cd and As exchangeable fractions increased with proximity to road, indicating sources from air pollution. Finally, while Cd became less bioavailable with increased organic matter, reaction with organic humic acids released reducible As into the bioavailable fraction. These quantitative results can inform land managers about valued biodiversity and provisioning service from gardens in food insecure regions, as well as valuable information on how to predict metal accumulation hotspots and reduce plant uptake of metals. |
| 英文关键词 | Cultural preferences Food security Heavy metals Socioeconomics Soil contamination Urban agriculture |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 国家 | United States |
| 来源学科分类 | Ecology; Urban planning |
| URL | https://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/1564056217.html?FMT=AI |
| 来源机构 | University of California, Riverside |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/248132 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Clarke, Lorraine Weller. The Biodiversity and Direct Ecosystem Services and Disservices of Urban Gardens[D]. University of California, Riverside,2014. |
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