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| The structural bases of stability-function tradeoffs inantibiotic resistance enzymes | |
| Thomas, Veena Lily | |
| 出版年 | 2009 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | Shoichet, Brian K. |
| 学位授予单位 | University of California, San Francisco |
| 英文摘要 | Antibiotic use has led to the evolution of antibiotic resistance enzymes able to hydrolyze newer antibiotics, leaving them useless against killing bacteria. Are there biophysical costs to evolving drug resistance? The hypothesis addressed here is that both protein stability and native activity constrain enzyme evolution, and uses the enzyme β-lactamase, the major resistance mechanism against β-lactam antibiotics like penicillin, to investigate this question. β-lactamase hydrolyzes β-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, rendering them ineffective. In response to drugs combating β-lactamase, two types of β-lactamase resistance mutants have emerged in the clinic. Extended-spectrum mutants have gained the ability to break down larger, third-generation antibiotics that were previously impervious to β-lactamase, whereas inhibitor-resistant mutants have decreased inhibition by covalent inhibitors. Each category of resistance mutant was investigated. First, the crystallographic structure of the S130G inhibitor-resistant β-lactamase was determined to 1.4 Ångstrom resolution. Two configurations of a new water molecule were observed in the active site, and explain how this resistance mutant remains active with the presumed catalytic acid for substrate hydrolysis replaced. Substituting this key catalytic residue to gain inhibitor resistance resulted in a mutant enzyme with almost ten-thousand-fold decreased catalytic activity -- a rather Pyrrhic victory, and an example of the biophysical cost enzymes pay for developing drug resistance. Second, the "stability-function" hypothesis - do drug-resistant mutants, and enzymes in general, sacrifice their inherent stability and ancestral activity as they gain activity against newer antibiotics or substrates – was investigated in β-lactamase extended-spectrum resistance mutants. The thermodynamic stability and catalytic activity against both third-generation and older antibiotics was determined for five known β-lactamase extended-spectrum mutant enzymes. These mutant enzymes had between 100- to 200-fold increased activity against the antibiotic cefotaxime, but were destabilized by up to 4.1 kcal/mol, consistent with the stability-function hypothesis. Eight structures, including complexes with inhibitors and extended-spectrum antibiotics, were determined by x-ray crystallography. Distinct mechanisms of action were revealed for each mutant, including changes in the flexibility and ground state structures of the enzyme. Understanding biophysical constraints on evolution of drug resistance, and how distant substitutions are structurally transmitted to the active site has broad relevance to drug-resistant systems. |
| 英文关键词 | Action-at-a-distance Antibiotic resistance Bases Beta-lactamase Evolution In ?antibiotic Protein stability |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 国家 | United States |
| 来源学科分类 | Biochemistry; Biophysics |
| URL | https://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/304854744.html?FMT=AI |
| 来源机构 | University of California, San Francisco |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/244288 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Thomas, Veena Lily. The structural bases of stability-function tradeoffs inantibiotic resistance enzymes[D]. University of California, San Francisco,2009. |
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