Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| Measurement of fine spatial scale ecohydrologic gradients in a pinyon-juniper ecosystem | |
| Madsen, Matthew D. | |
| 出版年 | 2008 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | Chandler, David G. |
| 学位授予单位 | Utah State University |
| 英文摘要 | With the dramatic expansion of pinyon-juniper woodlands over the last century, improved understanding of how these woodlands modify infiltration properties is needed, in order for land managers to make informed decisions on how to best manage their specific resources. However, current methods for measuring soil infiltration are often limited by low sample sizes and high experimental error, due to constraints associated with remote, non agricultural settings. This thesis first presents a scheme for automating and calibrating two commercially available infiltrometers, which allows collection of a large number of precise unsaturated infiltration measurements in a relatively short period of time. Secondly, a new method to precisely determine saturated hydraulic conductivity from small intact soil cores collected in the field is demonstrated. This method removes bias due to measurement error using a multiple head linear regression approach. Finally, hundreds of fine spatial scale measurements of soil sorptivity, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water content, and other soil descriptive measurements along radial line transects extending out from the trunk of juniper ( Juniperus osteosperma) and pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) trees. Within the subcanopy of these trees, interactions among litter material, root distributions, and hydrophobic soil significantly influence ecohydrologic properties by limiting and redirecting infiltration below the soil surface. Consequently, hydrophobicity appears to be a mechanism that promotes survival of woody vegetation in arid environments, through decreasing evaporation rates from the soil surface. We further demonstrate how differences in unsaturated infiltration and soil water content between the subcanopy and intercanopy zones are not discrete. Unsaturated infiltration was significantly lower within the subcanopy than in the intercanopy, and increased by eight-fold across a gradient extending outward from near the edge of the canopy to approximately two times the canopy radius. This gradient was not strongly related to soil moisture. In the intercanopy, increasing structural development of biological soil crust cover beyond this gradient was positivity correlated with infiltration capacity. Consequently, these results indicate that the spatial location of the trees should be considered in the assessment and modeling of woody plant and biological soil crust influence on infiltration capacity in a pinyon-juniper ecosystem. |
| 英文关键词 | Ecohydrology Hydrology Hydrophobicity Infiltration Juniper Soils Water repellency |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 国家 | United States |
| 来源学科分类 | Soil sciences |
| URL | https://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/304435644.html?FMT=AI |
| 来源机构 | Utah State University |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/244229 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Madsen, Matthew D.. Measurement of fine spatial scale ecohydrologic gradients in a pinyon-juniper ecosystem[D]. Utah State University,2008. |
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