干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 秸秆还田结合秋覆膜对旱地冬小麦耗水特性和产量的影响

Arid

	秸秆还田结合秋覆膜对旱地冬小麦耗水特性和产量的影响
其他题名	Effects of straw-incorporation combined with autumn plastic mulching on soil water consumption characteristics and winter wheat yield in arid farming areas
	陈玉章 1; 柴守玺 2; 程宏波 3; 柴雨葳 2; 杨长刚 4; 谭凯敏 2; 常磊 2
来源期刊	作物学报
ISSN	0496-3490
出版年	2019
卷号	45 期号:2 页码:256-266
中文摘要	秸秆还田和秋覆膜是西北旱地雨养农业区冬小麦生产中有效的节水增产措施。为明确西北半干旱雨养农业区不同作物秸秆还田结合秋覆膜种植模式下冬小麦田土壤蓄水保墒和节水增产效果,于2011年9月至2013年6月连续2个小麦生长季在甘肃省通渭县进行了田间定位试验,比较玉米秸秆还田结合秋覆膜、单一玉米秸秆还田、麦秸秆还田结合秋覆膜、单一麦秸秆还田和传统平作种植对西北旱地冬小麦耗水特性和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,与传统平作相比,冬小麦全生育期秸秆还田结合秋覆膜处理0~200 cm平均土壤贮水量在20112012和20122013年度分别提高6.1%和9.6%,而单一秸秆还田分别提高0.7%和4.6%。在降水偏多的20112012年度,除玉米秸秆还田结合秋覆膜处理冬小麦全生育期0~200 cm土壤贮水消耗量比传统平作低19.0 mm (P<0.05)外,其余各处理无显著差异;在降水偏少的20122013年度,秸秆还田及秸秆还田结合秋覆膜处理平均比传统平作多耗水39.1 mm,其中,两个秸秆还田结合秋覆膜处理显著增加冬小麦返青至拔节阶段的耗水量,显著降低开花至成熟阶段耗水量,并增加了对深层土壤水分的调用。与传统平作相比,秸秆还田结合秋覆膜处理可使小麦籽粒产量提高31.0%~69.4%,水分利用效率提高25.6%~43.0%;而单一秸秆还田的小麦籽粒产量提高1.2%~28.0%,水分利用效率提高3.0%~11.6%。以玉米秸秆还田结合秋覆膜处理增产效果最好, 2年平均籽粒产量和水分利用效率分别较传统平作提高51.1%和41.7%,且显著高于其他处理。因此,玉米秸秆还田结合秋覆膜种植模式能显著提高冬小麦籽粒产量和水分利用效率,适宜在西北旱农区小麦生产中应用。
英文摘要	Straw-incorporation and autumn plastic-film mulch are useful techniques for water-saving cultivation in semi-arid areas in northwest China. To investigate the effects of different straw-incorporation and autumn plastic-film mulching treatments on soil water consumption, winter wheat yield and water use efficiency (WUE), we conducted a two-year (2011-2012 and 2012-2013 wheat growing seasons) experiment in fixed fields in Tongwei county, Guansu province. The five treatments were corn straw-incorporation combined with autumn plastic film mulching (CF), single corn straw-incorporation (CNF), wheat straw-incorporation combined with autumn plastic film mulching (WF), single wheat straw-incorporation (WNF), and non-mulching and non-straw returning (CK). Compared with CK, CF and WF led to the increase of water storage of 0-200 cm soil layer with an average of 6.1% in 2011-2012 and 9.6% in 2012-2013, while CNF and WNF showed tender effect with the average increasing percentage of 0.7% and 4.6% in 2011-2012 and 2012-2013, respectively. In the wet year of 2011-2012, evapotranspiration of CF was 19.0 mm lower than that of CK (P < 0.05), and the evapotranspiration of CNF, WF, and WNF was similar to that of CK with no significant difference. In the dry year of 2012-2013, evapotranspiration of CK was 39.1 mm lower than the average of the other four treatments. Evapotranspiration of CF and WF significantly increased from reviving to jointing stages, but reduced from flowering to maturity stages. Deep soil water of CF and WF was consumed more than that of CK in 2012-2013. On the average of CF and WF, the grain yield and WUE were increased, compared with that of CK, by 31.0%-69.4% and 25.6%-43.0%, respectively. Particularly, CF ranked the first in improving yield (51.1% higher than CK) and WUE (41.7% higher than CK). In contrast, the average grain yield and WUE of CNF and WNF were increased by 1.2%-28.0% and 3.0%-11.6%, respectively. This study suggests that CF is an applicable technique in winter wheat cultivation in Northwest dryland.
中文关键词	旱地 ; 秸秆还田 ; 秋覆膜 ; 籽粒产量 ; 土壤耗水特性
英文关键词	dryland straw-incorporation plastic mulching in autumn grain yield soil water consumption characteristics
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRONOMY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6425033
来源机构	甘肃农业大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/239879
作者单位	1.甘肃农业大学农学院;;毕节市农业科学研究所, 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室;;, 兰州;;毕节, 甘肃;;贵州 730070;;551700, 中国; 2.甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国; 3.甘肃农业大学生命科学与技术学院, 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国; 4.甘肃农业大学农学院;;甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所, 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室;;, 兰州;;兰州, 甘肃;;甘肃 730070;;730070, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	陈玉章,柴守玺,程宏波,等. 秸秆还田结合秋覆膜对旱地冬小麦耗水特性和产量的影响[J]. 甘肃农业大学,2019,45(2):256-266.
APA	陈玉章.,柴守玺.,程宏波.,柴雨葳.,杨长刚.,...&常磊.(2019).秸秆还田结合秋覆膜对旱地冬小麦耗水特性和产量的影响.作物学报,45(2),256-266.
MLA	陈玉章,et al."秸秆还田结合秋覆膜对旱地冬小麦耗水特性和产量的影响".作物学报 45.2(2019):256-266.