干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 准噶尔和塔里木盆地盐渍化土壤黏土矿物组成特征及成因

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	准噶尔和塔里木盆地盐渍化土壤黏土矿物组成特征及成因
其他题名	Composition and Genesis of Clay Minerals in Salinized Soils in Junggar Basin and Tarim Basin of Xinjiang, China
	何帅 1; 谭文峰 2; 谢海霞 3
来源期刊	土壤
ISSN	0253-9829
出版年	2019
卷号	51 期号:3 页码:566-577
中文摘要	新疆是中国盐渍化土壤主要分布区,本研究在新疆准噶尔盆地和塔里木盆地采集不同盐化程度土壤,利用X-射线衍射仪、透射电镜、X射线荧光光谱技术,研究两个盆地内盐渍化土壤中黏土矿物的分布特点.结果表明:受干旱气候的影响,两大盆地盐渍化土壤中黏土矿物主要包括伊利石、蒙脱石、绿泥石和高岭石,其中塔里木盆地盐渍化土壤中蒙脱石含量极少.土壤次生碳酸盐delta~(13)C和delta~(18)O及黏土矿物D和delta~(18)O测定结果显示,塔里木盆地采样点土壤形成期气候相对准噶尔盆地更干旱,这种干旱气候导致伊利石中K~+不易脱去,从而影响蒙脱石形成.在相对湿润的准噶尔盆地,采样点盐渍化土壤中蒙脱石含量较高,且蒙脱石含量随着伊利石含量减少而增加,两者之间达到极显著负相关关系(r=0.81,n=30,P<0.01),表明土壤中存在伊利石向蒙脱石的转化过程.准噶尔盆地盐渍化土壤具备伊利石向蒙脱石转化所需要的水分条件和化学组分:①相对湿润气候条件下伊利石发生脱K~+;②盐渍化土壤pH> 8.5,使长石中的Si~(4+)溶解,参与矿物转化过程;③盐渍化土壤溶液中大量Ca~(2+)、Na~+和Mg~(2+)可进入伊利石层间占据K~+空位,形成蒙脱石.同时,研究结果还显示10 cm以下土层土壤盐分含量与伊利石含量存在极显著负相关关系(r=0.76,n=22, P<0.01),表明10cm以下土体中,盐分的存在利于准噶尔盆地盐渍化土壤中伊利石向蒙脱石转换.因此,气候和盐分含量是新疆两大盆地盐渍化土壤中黏土矿物形成和转化的主要影响因素.
英文摘要	Soil salinization is serious in the arid and semi-arid region in the northwest of China, especially in Xinjiang. In this paper, soil samples with different salt contents were collected in Junggar Basin and Tarim Basin of Xinjiang. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were employed to investigate the formation and distribution characteristics of clay minerals in salinized soil profiles. In these two basins, salinized soils with different salt contents had similar mineral composition including illite, montmorillonite, chlorite and kaolinite. In Tarim basin, illite is the main clay mineral while montmorillonite was bare. The analysis results of the delta~(13)C and delta~(18)O values in secondary carbonate and the D and delta~(18)O values in clay minerals reflected that C4 plants were the dominant plant and the climate was relatively dry during the formation of salinized soils in Tarim Basin. The arid climate in Tarim Basin is unconducive for depriving K~+ from illite, the content of montmorillonite reached the lowest point. The content of montmorillonite in salinized soils in Junggar Basin is significantly negatively correlated with the content of illite, (r=0.81, n=30, P<0.01). More specifically, this phenomenon demonstrates that illite in salinized soils was transformed to montmorillonite. In generally, this transformation is affected by water condition and requires the deprivation of K~+ and Al~(3+), entry of Si~(4+), and replacement of K~+ by Ca~(2+) and Na~+ within lattice layers. According to the analysis, salinized soils in Junggar Basin have the required moist condition and chemical components to transform illite to montmorillonite: 1) Under the relative humid condition, K~+ of illite in soil would be easily leached; 2) pH of salinized soil is high (pH > 8.5), which promotes Si~(4+) of primary mineral to be readily dissolved. 3) Large amounts of Ca~(2+), Na~+ and Mg~(2+) in soil solution of salinized soils. Thus, the content of montmorillonite in salinized soils in Junggar Basin is more than that in Tarim Basin. There is a significant negative correlation (r=0.76, n=22, P<0.01) between the contents of illite and salt in soil layers deeper than 10 cm, which indicates that soil layers below 10 cm depth are moister, the existed salts promote the transform of illite to montmorillonite in Junggar Basin. Thus, climate condition and salt content in salinized soils are the main factors for the formation and transformation of clay minerals in Junggar Basin and Tarim Basin of Xinjiang.
中文关键词	黏土矿物 ; 组成 ; 成因 ; 盐渍化土壤 ; 准噶尔盆地 ; 塔里木盆地
英文关键词	Clay mineral Composition Genesis Salinized soil Junggar Basin Tarim Basin
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6540585
来源机构	石河子大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/239578
作者单位	1.新疆农垦科学院, 石河子, 新疆 832000, 中国; 2.华中农业大学资源环境学院, 农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室, 武汉, 湖北 430070, 中国; 3.石河子大学农学院, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 石河子, 新疆 832000, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	何帅,谭文峰,谢海霞. 准噶尔和塔里木盆地盐渍化土壤黏土矿物组成特征及成因[J]. 石河子大学,2019,51(3):566-577.
APA	何帅,谭文峰,&谢海霞.(2019).准噶尔和塔里木盆地盐渍化土壤黏土矿物组成特征及成因.土壤,51(3),566-577.
MLA	何帅,et al."准噶尔和塔里木盆地盐渍化土壤黏土矿物组成特征及成因".土壤 51.3(2019):566-577.