干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 氮肥运筹对陇中旱农区玉米光合特性及产量的影响

Arid

	氮肥运筹对陇中旱农区玉米光合特性及产量的影响
其他题名	Effects of nitrogen management on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize in arid areas of central Gansu,China
	王进斌; 谢军红; 李玲玲; 彭正凯; 邓超超; 沈吉成; 颉健辉
来源期刊	草业学报
ISSN	1004-5759
出版年	2019
卷号	28 期号:1 页码:60-69
中文摘要	全膜双垄沟播技术使玉米成为了陇中旱农区主要作物之一,但该技术下玉米的高产出导致土壤养分耗竭,影响玉米生产的可持续性。本研究依托2012年布设在陇中旱农区的田间定位试验,研究4个施氮水平(N_0:不施肥;N_1:100kg·hm~(-2)、N_2:200kg·hm~(-2)、N_3:300kg·hm~(-2))和2个施氮时期(T_1:1/3基肥+1/3拔节期+1/3开花期、T_2:1/3基肥+2/3拔节期)对玉米光合特性、叶绿素含量、叶面积指数、干物质积累和分配量及产量的影响。结果表明:1)随着施氮量的增加玉米光合性能也在增强,而N_3和T_2N_2间差异不显著,T_2时期提高玉米光合特性;2)全生育期内,N_3处理下叶绿素含量较N_2、N_1、N_0分别平均增加50.9%、17.0%、2.7%;叶面积指数也随施氮量的增加而增加,但N_2和N_3间无显著差异;T_2下的叶绿素含量和叶面积指数在生育后期显著高于T_1;3)干物质积累量和籽粒分配量表现为:N_3>N_2>N_1>N_0,T_2下的干物质积累和籽粒分配量高于T_1;4)籽粒产量和生物产量均随施氮量的增加而增加,N_2和N_3下的籽粒产量和生物产量显著高于N_0,其中N_3较N_0增加79.2%和68.4%,N_2较N_0增加65.9%和54.1%,T_2下的籽粒产量和生物产量分别较T_1显著增加9.9%和13.5%,而T_2N_2与N_3间无显著差异,因此,在陇中旱农区应用全膜双垄沟播技术种植玉米,施纯氮200kg·hm~(-2)左右,按照1/3基肥+2/3拔节期配施,可以增强光合作用,从而提高玉米籽粒产量和饲料产量,促进玉米生产可持续发展。
英文摘要	Maize has become one of the major cultivated crops in arid farming areas of central Gansu,China because of the adoption of complete film surface mulching and adoption of double ridge-furrow planting.However, the high output of maize using this technology results in exhaustion of soil nutrients negatively influencing the sustainability of maize production.The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different nitrogen application rates on the photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll content(SPAD),leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and distribution and yield of maize.The study relied on a field experiment that was conducted in 2012at Dingxi,Longzhong region.The treatments included four nitrogen rates(N_0:0kg·ha~(-1), N_1:100kg·ha~(-1),N_2:200kg·ha~(-1),N_3:300kg·ha~(-1))and two nitrogen application times(T_1:1/3at sowing+ 1/3at jointing+1/3at flowering,T_2:1/3at sowing+2/3at jointing).The photosynthetic characteristics improved with increased nitrogen application rate,but there was no difference between T_2N_2and N_3;T_2 enhanced the photosynthetic characteristics.N_3increased SPAD by 50.9%,17.0%,and 2.7%respectively comparing N_0,N_1,and N_2at all stages.Leaf area index also improved with increased nitrogen application rate,but N_2and N_3were not different.SPAD and leaf area index under T_2 were higher than T_1.Dry matter during all growth stages was highest at N_3and lowest at N_0(N_3>N_2>N_1>N_0)and T_2was higher than T_1.Grain yield and biomass were significantly higher with increased nitrogen rates;for example,grain yield and biomass were 79.2%and 68.4%higher for N_3than N_0respectively,and 65.9%and 51.4%higher for N_2than N_0respectively. T_2improved grain yield and biomass by 9.9%and 13.5%respectively,compared with T_1.However,T_2N_2and N_3were not different.The application of double furrow sowing technology,mulching with nitrogen applied at 200kg·ha~(-1) rate,1/3applied at sowing+2/3at jointing is suggested as a means of more sustainable maize production systems in arid areas of central Gansu,China.
中文关键词	施氮量 ; 施氮时期 ; 玉米 ; 光合特性 ; 产量
英文关键词	nitrogen rates nitrogen application time maize photosynthetic characteristics yield
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRONOMY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6410623
来源机构	甘肃农业大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/238963
作者单位	甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王进斌,谢军红,李玲玲,等. 氮肥运筹对陇中旱农区玉米光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 甘肃农业大学,2019,28(1):60-69.
APA	王进斌.,谢军红.,李玲玲.,彭正凯.,邓超超.,...&颉健辉.(2019).氮肥运筹对陇中旱农区玉米光合特性及产量的影响.草业学报,28(1),60-69.
MLA	王进斌,et al."氮肥运筹对陇中旱农区玉米光合特性及产量的影响".草业学报 28.1(2019):60-69.