干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 种植方式和密度对高粱群体结构和产量的影响

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	种植方式和密度对高粱群体结构和产量的影响
其他题名	Effects of Planting Pattern and Density on Population Structure and Yield of Sorghum
	肖继兵; 刘志; 孔凡信; 辛宗绪; 吴宏生
来源期刊	中国农业科学
ISSN	0578-1752
出版年	2018
卷号	51 期号:22 页码:4264-4276
中文摘要	【目的】种植方式结合种植密度是提高旱作区作物光能利用率、增加作物产量的有效途径之一,在旱作农业生产中具有重要意义。通过研究不同种植密度和种植方式对高粱冠层结构的影响,为进一步挖掘辽西半干旱区高粱产量潜力提供理论依据。【方法】20162017年以酿造型高粱品种辽杂19号为试验材料,采用二因素裂区试验设计,主区为种植方式,设60 cm等行距种植(P1)和80 cm+40 cm宽窄行种植(P2),裂区为种植密度,分别为75 000株/hm~2(D1)、105 000株/hm~2(D2)、135 000株/hm~2(D3)、165 000株/hm~2(D4),3次重复。通过测定分析高粱群体植株形态指标、光合生理指标、地上部生物量,探究不同处理组合对高粱群体光合特性和产量形成的影响。【结果】2年间同一种植方式下,高粱籽粒产量由大到小依次为D3>D2>D4>D1。2年平均产量,P2D2处理较P1D2处理增产5.02%,P2D3处理较P1D3处理增产6.96%,P2D1处理较P1D1处理减产0.27%,2017年P2D4处理较P1D4处理减产2.55%,所有处理组合中以P2D3处理产量最高,2年平均产量为10 267.14 kg·hm~(-2)。随种植密度的增加,株高、群体叶面积指数和叶向值呈增大趋势,茎粗、茎粗系数、单株叶面积、茎叶夹角、透光率、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、净光合速率呈减小趋势。在D2和D3处理下,P2处理较P1处理在茎粗系数、群体叶面积指数、透光率、SPAD值、净光合速率等方面表现出一定的优势。2年平均茎粗系数,P2D2处理较P1D2处理增加2.80%,P2D3处理较P1D3处理增加9.29%。。2年平均群体叶面积指数和平均净光合速率,P2D2处理较P1D2处理分别增加3.17%和16.33%,P2D3处理较P1D3处理分别增加7.27%和17.57%。开花期和乳熟期,2年平均冠层底部透光率,P2D2处理较P1D2处理分别增加22.55%和15.81%,P2D3处理较P1D3处理分别增加37.45%和102.09%,冠层中部透光率P2D2处理较P1D2处理分别增加38.72%和8.16%,P2D3处理较P1D3处理分别增加56.59%和93.60%。开花期和乳熟期,2年平均SPAD值,P2D2处理较P1D2处理分别增加6.46%和5.41%,P2D3处理较P1D3处理分别增加8.75%和5.46%。在D2和D3处理下,2年间P2处理上层叶片相对挺直,叶面积较小,可以改善中下层叶片受光条件,下层叶片相对平展,叶面积较大,可以减少漏光损失,提高光能利用率。【结论】适当提高种植密度是提升高粱产量的关键。适宜种植密度下,宽窄行种植较等行距种植可有效改善冠层透光率,增加群体叶面积指数,扩大光合面积,提高叶片尤其是中下层叶片光合性能,是实现作物群体结构和植株个体功能协同增益和产量提高的重要途径。
英文摘要	【Objective】 The combination of planting pattern and planting density was one of the effective ways to increase the utilization rate of light energy and to increase the yield of crops in dryland farming area, which was of great significance in dryland agricultural production. The effects of different planting densities and planting modes on the structure of sorghum canopy were studied to provide a theoretical basis for further excavating the yield potential of sorghum in the semi-arid region of western Liaoning. 【Method】 The brewed sorghum variety Liaoza 19 was used as the experimental material. Two factors split plot design was used to examine the effects of different treatments on photosynthetic characteristics of the population and yield by analyzing plant shape index, photosynthetic physiological indexes, and aboveground biomass. The main area was planted with 60 cm equal row spacing (P1) and 80 cm+40 cm wide-narrow row planting (P2), and the split area was planting density with 75 000 plants/hm~2 (D1), 105 000 plants/hm~2 (D2), 135 000 plants/hm~2 (D3) and 165 000 plants/hm~2 (D4). The experiment was repeated three times. 【Result】 In the two years, grain yield of sorghum was in turn D3>D2>D4>D1 from big to small under the same planting pattern. The average 2-year yield of P2D2 was 5.02% higher than that of P1D2, and that of P2D3 was 6.96% higher than that of P1D3, and that of P2D1 was 0.27% lower than that of P1D1, respectively. The yield of P2D4 was 2.55% lower than that of P1D4 in 2017. The yield of P2D3, which was the highest in all treatments, was 10 267.14 kg·hm~(-2). In accordance with the increase of planting density, the plant height, population leaf area index and leaf orientation value showed an increasing trend, while stem diameter, stem diameter coefficient, leaf area per plant, angle between leaf and stem, light transmittance, SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate decreased. The wide-narrow row planting had the advantages in the aspects of stem diameter coefficient, group leaf area index, light transmittance, net photosynthetic rate, SPAD value compared with equidistant row planting under D2 and D3. P2D2 increased by 2.80%, 3.17%, 16.33% compared with P1D2 and P2D3 increased by 9.29%, 7.27%, 17.57% compared with P1D3 respectively in the aspects of mean stem diameter coefficient, mean population leaf area index and mean net photosynthetic rate in the two years.
中文关键词	密度 ; 种植方式 ; 高粱 ; 冠层结构 ; 产量
英文关键词	planting density planting pattern sorghum canopy structure yield
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRONOMY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6390271
来源机构	中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/238715
作者单位	辽宁省水土保持研究所, 朝阳, 辽宁 122000, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	肖继兵,刘志,孔凡信,等. 种植方式和密度对高粱群体结构和产量的影响[J]. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,2018,51(22):4264-4276.
APA	肖继兵,刘志,孔凡信,辛宗绪,&吴宏生.(2018).种植方式和密度对高粱群体结构和产量的影响.中国农业科学,51(22),4264-4276.
MLA	肖继兵,et al."种植方式和密度对高粱群体结构和产量的影响".中国农业科学 51.22(2018):4264-4276.