干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 生态沃土机械化耕作对两熟区土壤理化特性的短期影响

Arid

	生态沃土机械化耕作对两熟区土壤理化特性的短期影响
其他题名	Short-term Effects of Mechanical and Ecological Tillage Pattern on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Soil in Arid Area
	张银平 1; 王振伟 2; 刁培松 1; 杜瑞成 1; 李洪文 3; 姚文燕 1
来源期刊	农业机械学报
ISSN	1000-1298
出版年	2018
卷号	49 期号:12 页码:45-55
中文摘要	以4年为一周期,设计一种生态沃土机械化耕作模式(MET),周期内将翻耕、苗带旋耕、免耕、深松4种不同的耕作措施组合,对土壤进行适度耕作,并以连续免耕(CNT)和传统翻耕(CCT)为对照,研究MET对小麦玉米两熟区不同耕层土壤理化特性的短期影响.结果表明:MET能够显著提高土壤结构质量,增加土壤肥力,避免土壤板结,生态效应和沃土效果显著.显著增加0~30cm土层土壤大团聚体含量,提高土壤结构稳定性,平均水稳性团聚体含量分别比CNT和CCT高8.2%和30.4%;有效降低0~30cm土层土壤容重,平均容重分别比CNT和CCT小0.089、0.125g/cm~3;增加0~30cm土层全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,对碱解氮含量影响不显著;增加土壤有机碳含量,平均有机碳含量分别比CNT和CCT高0.36、0.61g/kg,并且各层之间有机碳含量分布较均衡,CNT只增加0~10cm土层有机碳含量,CCT只增加10~20cm土层有机碳含量.MET显著增加小麦的平均单株分蘖数、有效穗粒数和千粒质量,从而显著增加小麦产量,分别比CNT和CCT增产14%和14.9%;小麦播前进行的耕作有一定的后效,对玉米产量有影响,MET与CNT通过增加玉米的有效穗粒数和千粒质量,增加玉米产量,两者产量的差异不显著,但均显著高于CCT,分别高7.4%和3.7%.
英文摘要	A mechanical and ecological tillage pattern (MET) which combined ploughing, rotary tillage of seeding strip, no-tillage and subsoiling in four years for a cycle was designed. To study the short-term effects of the pattern on physical and chemical characteristics of soil and groups yields in arid area, the positing experiment of four years in wheat-corn two cropping area was carried on and with continuous no-tillage (CNT) and conventional tillage (CCT) for comparison. The experiment results showed that the MET improved the quality of soil structure and soil fertility significantly, prevented soil harden, and the ecological and fertile soil effects were remarkable. It increased the aggregate content in 0 ~ 30cm soil layer significantly and improved soil structure stability, and the average aggregate content of water stability was 8.2% and 30.4% higher than those of the CNT and CCT, respectively. It reduced the bulk density of soil in 0 ~ 30cm soil layer effectively, its average bulk density was 0.089g/cm~3 and 0.125g/cm~3 smaller than those of the CNT and CCT. It increased the content of total nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and rapid available potassium in 0 ~ 30cm soil layer as well, but there were no significant impacts on the content of available nitrogen. It added the content of organic carbon, the organic carbon content in MET was 0.36g/kg and 0.61g/kg higher than those in CNT and CCT, respectively, and the organic carbon concentration distribution was balanced between the layers of 0~10cm,10~20cm and 20~30cm. However, the CNT only added the organic carbon content in 0~10cm soil layer and the CCT only increased the organic carbon content in 10~20cm soil layer. The MET increased wheat yields significantly by increasing the average wheat tillering, effective spike and grain number per spike, the wheat yields of MET was 14% and 14.9% higher than those of CNT and CCT, respectively. The tillage methods before wheat sowing had after effects to a certain extent on corn, the MET and the CNT improved the corn yields by increasing the effective ear of corn and grain number per spike, the corn yields of the MET and CNT were 7.4% and 3.7% higher than that of CCT, respectively, but there was no significant difference between them.
中文关键词	生态沃土 ; 机械化 ; 耕作模式 ; 土壤理化特性 ; 作物产量 ; 定位试验
英文关键词	ecological fertile soil mechanization tillage pattern soil physical and chemical characteristics crop yield positioning experiment
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRONOMY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6394911
来源机构	中国农业大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/238021
作者单位	1.山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院, 淄博, 山东 255049, 中国; 2.农业部南京农业机械化研究所, 南京, 江苏 210014, 中国; 3.中国农业大学工学院, 北京 100083, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张银平,王振伟,刁培松,等. 生态沃土机械化耕作对两熟区土壤理化特性的短期影响[J]. 中国农业大学,2018,49(12):45-55.
APA	张银平,王振伟,刁培松,杜瑞成,李洪文,&姚文燕.(2018).生态沃土机械化耕作对两熟区土壤理化特性的短期影响.农业机械学报,49(12),45-55.
MLA	张银平,et al."生态沃土机械化耕作对两熟区土壤理化特性的短期影响".农业机械学报 49.12(2018):45-55.