干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 不同微咸水灌水量条件下覆砂措施对土壤水盐运移的影响

Arid

	不同微咸水灌水量条件下覆砂措施对土壤水盐运移的影响
其他题名	Effect of gravel-sand mulching on movements of soil water and salts under different amounts of brackish water
	谭军利 1; 王西娜 2; 田军仓 1; 苏小林 3
来源期刊	农业工程学报
ISSN	1002-6819
出版年	2018
卷号	34 期号:17 页码:100-108
中文摘要	采用室内土柱模拟试验,对比研究了不同微咸水灌水量条件下覆砂与不覆砂对土壤水盐分布和运移的影响,以期为压砂地合理利用微咸水提供理论支持。结果表明,与不覆砂相比,覆砂增加了土壤水分下渗深度,最大增加深度可达8 cm;减少了试验期间土壤水分累计蒸发量,低、中、高3个灌水量分别减少了74%、54%和21%,减少幅度随灌水量增加有降低的趋势。在土壤水分再分布过程中,土壤剖面出现明显分界点,覆砂提高了分界点处土壤水分含量,增加量为2%~5%;保蓄了上层土壤水分含量,尤其是低灌水量时,不覆砂处理0~20 cm土壤水分含量在试验期间减少幅度达到34%,而覆砂处理仅减少了16.9%;增加了下层土壤水分含量。同时,覆砂明显抑制了表层土壤盐分累积,抑制幅度达到92.4%~95.2%;提高了土壤剖面盐分峰值处盐分含量,提高幅度在11.02%~37.55%;盐分峰值的位置随着试验时间延长不断向下运移。表明,微咸水灌溉条件下,覆砂措施通过减少土壤水分蒸发和增加土壤水分入渗而抑制表层土壤盐分累积,促进土壤盐分向下层运动。
英文摘要	Gravel-sand mulching is an effective agricultural measure to restrain soil water evaporation in arid and semiarid area. Watermelon as the main crop was planted on gravel-sand mulched field in Ningxia due to high quality of fruits. However, scarcity of rainfall and deficiency of fresh water resource were the limiting factors for the development and production of watermelon. More and more farmers irrigated watermelon with ground brackish water to increase and maintain fruit yield in recent years. Therefore, understanding the distribution and transportation of water and salt under gravel-sand mulch with brackish water irrigation played an important role to rationally use brackish water. A soil-column experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of gravel-sand mulching on the distribution and movement of soil water and salts with different amounts of brackish water irrigation under the condition of simulated evaporation with an incandescent lamp as heat source. Six treatments were set in this experiment including 3 irrigation water levels with and without gravel-sand mulching. Irrigation water amount was based on planned irrigation depth and difference of air dried soil moisture between field capacity. The planning depths of low, medium and high irrigation amount treatments were 40, 60 and 80 cm respectively and the salinity of brackish water was 2 g/L, similar with local ground water. Results showed that, compared with non-mulched treatment, gravel-sand mulching increased the infiltration depth, the maximum increasing range of depth being up to 8 cm, and reduced the accumulative evaporation of soil water by 74%, 54% and 21% with low, medium and high irrigation amount respectively during the experimental period of 15 days, and the reduction of accumulative evaporation was declined with the increase of irrigation amount. Moreover, there was an evident division point in the soil profile during the process of soil water redistribution, whose soil water contents increased by 2%-5% with gravel-sand mulches as compared with no mulches. Soil water content decreased above the point and increased below it. The decreasing ranges of soil water in the upper soil layer were narrowed with gravel-sand mulching compared to no mulches. For example, it was merely 16.9% with gravel-sand mulches while 34% with no mulches in low irrigation amount. At the same time, the accumulation of soil salt in the top surface soil was evidently restrained by 92.4%-95.2% with gravel-sand mulches while the peak value of soil salt content of soil profile increased by 11.02%-37.55%. The locations of salt content peaks in the soil profiles were moving downward with the prolonging of experimental time in gravel-sand mulching treatment and were deeper than those of without mulching. The salt peak location with gravel-sand mulched treatment was 10 cm deeper than that of without mulching at the end of experiment. It indicates that gravel-sand mulching restrains salt accumulation in the top surface soil and drives soil salt to move to deeper soil layer through reducing the evaporation of the upper soil water and increasing soil water infiltration and soil water content of deep soil layer under the condition of simulated evaporation and brackish water irrigation.
中文关键词	土壤 ; 灌溉 ; 入渗 ; 覆砂 ; 水盐运移 ; 微咸水 ; 土柱试验
英文关键词	soils irrigation infiltration gravel-sand mulching movement of soil water and salt brackish water soil column experiment
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6313673
来源机构	宁夏大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/237989
作者单位	1.宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院;;旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心;;宁夏节水灌溉与水资源调控工程技术研究中心, ;;旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心;;宁夏节水灌溉与水资源调控工程技术研究中心, 银川;;银川;;银川, ;;;; 750021;;750021;;750021; 2.宁夏大学农学院, 银川, 宁夏 750021, 中国; 3.宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院, 银川, 宁夏 750021, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	谭军利,王西娜,田军仓,等. 不同微咸水灌水量条件下覆砂措施对土壤水盐运移的影响[J]. 宁夏大学,2018,34(17):100-108.
APA	谭军利,王西娜,田军仓,&苏小林.(2018).不同微咸水灌水量条件下覆砂措施对土壤水盐运移的影响.农业工程学报,34(17),100-108.
MLA	谭军利,et al."不同微咸水灌水量条件下覆砂措施对土壤水盐运移的影响".农业工程学报 34.17(2018):100-108.