干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 西北旱作农田不同耕作模式对土壤性状及小麦产量的影响

Arid

	西北旱作农田不同耕作模式对土壤性状及小麦产量的影响
其他题名	Effects of different tillage practices on soil properties and wheat yields in dry farmland of northwest China
	侯贤清 1; 李荣 1; 贾志宽 2; 韩清芳 2
来源期刊	植物营养与肥料学报
ISSN	1008-505X
出版年	2017
卷号	23 期号:5 页码:1146-1157
中文摘要	【目的】在雨养农业区,旱作区因连年翻耕而引起严重的土壤质量退化,使作物生产力下降,需定期改变其耕作方式。免耕深松隔年轮耕可以降低土壤容重,增加耕层土壤团聚体和有机碳氮的含量,增强土壤蓄水保墒能力,对改善土壤性状和提高作物产量具有重要意义。【方法】本研究于2007~2010年在宁夏南部半旱区进行了两年免耕一年深松(NT/ST/NT)、两年深松一年免耕(ST/NT/ST)、连年翻耕(CT) 3种耕作模式试验,研究了其对耕层土壤容重、团聚体、土壤有机碳氮含量、土壤水分及作物产量的影响。【结果】3年耕作处理后,与连年翻耕相比,NT/ST/NT、ST/NT/ST处理020 cm层土壤容重分别降低了4.4%和7.3%,2040 cm土层分别降低2.1%和5.7%,4060 cm土层分别降低4.1%和5.5%;土壤孔隙度020 cm土层分别提高了4.1%和6.8%,2040 cm土层提高了2.1%和4.3%,4060 cm土层提高了5.5%和5.7%。020 cm土层, NT/ST/NT处理0.25~2 mm机械稳定性团聚体含量平均较CT处理提高了12.4%,ST/NT/ST处理 > 2 mm机械稳定性团聚体含量较CT处理平均提高了42.0%;2040 cm土层,NT/ST/NT、ST/NT/ST处理 > 2 mm团聚体含量较CT处理平均分别提高了44.3%和50.4%。两种轮耕模式使040 cm土层土壤团聚体平均重量直径分别显著高于CT处理21.8%和22.5%,几何平均直径分别高于CT处理9.6%和9.5%。三个处理耕层土壤有机碳氮含量均比试验前有不同程度的增加,轮耕处理030 cm土层0.25~2 mm粒级有机碳含量和 < 0.25 mm粒级全氮含量显著高于CT,以ST/NT/ST处理效果最佳。NT/ST/NT和ST/NT/ST处理010 cm土层0.25~2 mm团聚体有机碳含量较CT处理分别显著提高7.9%和10.2%,1020 cm土层分别提高19.0%和15.7%,2030 cm土层分别提高10.6%和13.3%;010 cm土层 < 0.25 mm粒级全氮含量显著提高9.4%和10.9%,1020 cm土层分别提高6.8%和10.2%,2030 cm土层分别提高7.4%和9.3%。研究期间,NT/ST/NT和ST/NT/ST处理较CT处理可显著提高0200 cm土壤贮水量,其中以ST/NT/ST处理保蓄土壤水分效果最佳。在小麦生长前期,轮耕处理土壤贮水量均高于连年翻耕,生长后期ST/NT/ST处理土壤水分含量最高,NT/ST/NT处理次之。轮耕处理的小麦生物量和籽粒产量显著高于连年翻耕,其中小麦籽粒产量分别增加9.6%和10.7%。【结论】免耕/深松轮耕可显著改善土壤的物理性状和水分环境,显著增加耕层土壤有机碳氮含量,提高作物的生产力,在宁南旱区有重要的应用前景。
英文摘要	【Objectives】In rain-fed semi-arid agro-ecosystems in northwest China, continuous ploughing has led to serious soil deterioration and crop productivity decline. Adopting suitable tillage practices is very important for improving soil fertility and keeping stable crop yields.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted in arid area of southern Ningxia from 2007 to 2010. The treated tillage patterns included: 1) no-tillage in the first year(CT), subsoiling in the second year and no-tillage in the third year(NT/ST/NT); 2) subsoiling in the first year, no-tillage in the second year and subsoiling in the third year(ST/NT/ST); 3) ploughing before and after harvest every year. The soil bulk density, aggregate, soil organic carbon(SOC), total nitrogen(TN) content, soil water, and crop yields were determined.【Results】After 3 years’ treatments, the soil bulk density under NT/ST/NT and ST/NT/ST was significantly decreased by 4.4% and 7.3% at the 0-20 cm depth, 2.1% and 5.7% at the 20-40 cm depth and 4.1% and 5.5% at the 40-60 cm depth, compared with CT. The total soil porosity under NT/ST/NT and ST/NT/ST was 4.1% and 6.8% higher than that under CT at the 0-20 cm depth, 2.1% and 4.3% at the 20-40 cm depth and 5.5% and 5.7% at the 40-60 cm depth, respectively. At 0-20 cm, the mean amount of the 0.25-2 mm elastic-stable aggregate in NT/ST/NT was 12.4% higher than in CT, and the mean amount of the > 2 mm elastic-stable aggregate in ST/NT/ST was 42.0% higher than in CT. At 20-40 cm, the mean amounts of the > 2 mm elastic-stable aggregate under NT/ST/NT and ST/NT/ST were 44.3% and 50.4% higher than CT, respectively. The mean weight diameter values in NT/ST/NT and ST/NT/ST were 21.8% and 22.5% higher than in CT respectively, and the geometric mean diameter values were 9.6% and 9.5% higher than CT at 0-40 cm depth. The soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(TN) contents at 0-40 cm depth were increased in all treatments compared with the initial background value. Significant differences were detected in the SOC contents in aggregates of 0.25-2 mm and the TN contents in aggregates of < 0.25 mm size fractions at 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm depths between the two rotational tillage treatments and the conventional tillage, and the ST/NT/ST treatment produced the highest increases. The SOC contents in 0.25-2 mm of aggregates in NT/ST/NT and ST/NT/ST treatments were significantly increased by 7.9% and 10.2% at the 0-10 cm depth, 19.0% and 15.7% at the 10-20 cm depth, and 10.6% and 13.3% at the 20-30 cm depth, compared with CT. The TN contents in < 0.25 mm of aggregates in NT/ST/NT and ST/NT/ST were significantly increased by 9.4% and 10.9% at the 0-10 cm depth, 6.8% and 10.2% at the 10-20 cm depth, and 7.4% and 9.3% at the 20-30 cm depth, compared with CT. During the three-year study, both the NT/ST/NT and ST/NT/ST treatments significantly increased soil water storage(0-200 cm) compared with CT treatment, and the ST/NT/ST treatment was better than NT/ST/NT. The rotational tillage treatments significantly increased the soil water storage at the early growing season of wheat, and the ST/NT/ST treatment produced the highest soil water storage, followed by the NT/ST/NT treatment at the later growing season of wheat. Biomass and grain yields of wheat with the rotational tillage practices were significantly and positively influenced over 3 years, and the 3-year mean wheat grain yields for NT/ST/NT and ST/NT/ST were increased by 9.6% and 10.7% compared with CT.【Conclusions】The rotation of no-tillage and subsoiling was a promising management option for enhancing soil C and N sequestration, with the benefit of maintaining soil physical properties, water environment, and crop productivity of tillage practices in arid areas of southern Ningxia.
中文关键词	旱作农田 ; 土壤耕作 ; 团聚体 ; 有机碳 ; 土壤水分 ; 小麦产量
英文关键词	dry farmland soil tillage aggregate organic carbon soil water wheat yield
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRONOMY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6087720
来源机构	西北农林科技大学 ; 宁夏大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/236984
作者单位	1.宁夏大学农学院, 银川, 宁夏 750021, 中国; 2.西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院, 农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	侯贤清,李荣,贾志宽,等. 西北旱作农田不同耕作模式对土壤性状及小麦产量的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学, 宁夏大学,2017,23(5):1146-1157.
APA	侯贤清,李荣,贾志宽,&韩清芳.(2017).西北旱作农田不同耕作模式对土壤性状及小麦产量的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,23(5),1146-1157.
MLA	侯贤清,et al."西北旱作农田不同耕作模式对土壤性状及小麦产量的影响".植物营养与肥料学报 23.5(2017):1146-1157.