干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 围封和放牧对科尔沁沙质草地植被和土壤的影响

Arid

	围封和放牧对科尔沁沙质草地植被和土壤的影响
其他题名	Influence of Fencing and Grazing on the Soil and Standing Vegetation Changes in HorQin Sandy Grassland
	赵丽娅; 张晓雨; 熊炳桥; 张劲
来源期刊	生态环境学报
ISSN	1674-5906
出版年	2017
卷号	26 期号:6 页码:971-977
中文摘要	选择科尔沁沙地自由放牧和围封10年的沙质草地为研究对象,通过野外调查与室内分析相结合,分析了围封和放牧对沙质草地群落土壤和植被的影响,旨在为退化沙地恢复与重建提供科学依据。结果表明,(1)围封和放牧草地盖度、密度、地上生物量、高度存在显著差异(P<0.01),围封使群落盖度、密度、地上生物量和高度分别增加了67%、79%、71%和44%。(2)放牧草地物种数为15种,围封草地为21种,放牧草地物种数增加了40%,大果虫实、狗尾草、差巴嘎蒿是放牧草地群落的优势物种,其重要值占71%;达乌里胡枝子、狗尾草、画眉草、猪毛菜和虎尾草是围封草地群落的优势物种,其重要值占60%。放牧草地处于一年生杂类草+差巴嘎蒿的沙地退化演替阶段,围封草地处于达乌里胡枝子+一年生禾草+一年生杂类草的沙地恢复演替阶段。(3)围封草地的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Margalef指数、Pielow均匀度指数均大于放牧草地,说明围封提高了群落的物种多样性。(4)围封和放牧草地群落0~20 cm和20~40 cm的土壤水分、土壤机械存在极显著差异(P<0.01),围封使沙质草地群落土壤水分、土壤黏粉粒和细砂粒增加。除速效氮外,围封和放牧草地群落土壤的化学性质差异显著(P<0.001)。围封与放牧草地相比,总磷、总氮、速效磷和有机质均呈上升趋势,增幅分别为72%、152%、15%和272%。(5)0~20 cm的土壤理化因子:土壤水分、粗砂粒、细砂粒、粉黏粒、有机质、全氮与植被特征因子显著相关(P<0.01),表明群落植被与土壤之间相互影响较强。
英文摘要	In Horqin sandy land, vegetation degradation occurs in usually improper management regimes under fragile conditions, e.g. clearing and grazing. However, few information is available about the effects of grazing and fencing on plant communities and the soils in the semi-arid desert environment. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in grazed and fenced grasslands to examine the relationship between plant communities and the soils. In early August 2013, three parallel 200-m line transects(20 m apart) were established in two experimental sites, grazed and fenced grasslands(ten years). For each transect, 20 sampling points were setup at 10-m intervals. In the 120 plant samples, species composition, coverage, height and density were surveyed, and the aboveground biomass were investigated by the level cutting method, dry weight of biomass was obtained at oven drying of 85 degrees, 48 hours. At each site, the frequency of species was determined in terms of the 60 sampling points or the 60 quadrats. Besides each plant samples, the soil water content was measured by TDR moisture content analyzer. The soil samples of 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm collected by using soil-drilling method, and then soil samples were transported to the laboratory in open cloth bags. Soil mechanical composition was determined by the sieving method, soil organic matter was measured by the potassium chromate volumetric analysis method. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen and available phosphorus were determined by using the Kieldahl’s method, Mo-Sb colorimetric method, alkaline hydrolysis diffusion and the Bray method respectively. The soil, plant communities and their relationship were researched in the grazed and fenced(10 years) sandy grasslands. The results showed that,(1) There was a significant difference between coverage, density, aboveground biomass and height of the grazed and fenced sandy grasslands by general variance analysis(P<0.01). After the ten-year’s fencing, the coverage, density, aboveground biomass and height were increased by 67%, 79%, 71% and 44%, respectively.(2) The number of species was 15 in the grazing grassland, and 21 of the fenced grassland, which increased by 40%. The grazing grassland was in the degraded successional stage of forbs+Artemisia halodendron. Corispermum macrocarpum, Setaria viridi, and Artemisia halodendron were the dominant species, their important value accounted for 71%. And the fenced grassland was in the restored successional stage of Lespedeza davurica+Gramineae+forbs. Lespedeza davurica, Setaria viridi, Eragrostis pilosa, Salsola collina Pall, and Chloris virgate were the dominant species, their important value accounted for 60%.(3) The Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Margalef index and Pielow evenness index of the fenced grassland were all larger than those of the grazing grassland. Enclosure improved the species diversity of communities.(4) There were a significant difference between soil water content, soil particles of the grazed grassland and fenced grassland(0~20 cm and 20~40 cm) by general variance analysis(P<0.01). The enclosure increased soil moisture, clay and silt particles and fine sand. In addition to available nitrogen, the chemical properties of the soil in the fenced and grazed grasslands were significantly different(P<0.001). Compared with the grazing grassland, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter of the fenced grassland were increased by 72%, 152%, 15% and 272% respectively. And(5) there were a significant difference between Soil water content, soil particles, organic matter, total nitrogen(0~20 cm) and vegetation factors(P<0.01). It showed that there is a very strong relationship between the vegetation and the soil of community.
中文关键词	沙质草地 ; 围封 ; 放牧 ; 植被 ; 土壤
英文关键词	sandy grasslands fencing grazing vegetation soil
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ECOLOGY
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6045885
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/236407
作者单位	湖北大学资源环境学院, 武汉, 湖北 430062, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	赵丽娅,张晓雨,熊炳桥,等. 围封和放牧对科尔沁沙质草地植被和土壤的影响[J],2017,26(6):971-977.
APA	赵丽娅,张晓雨,熊炳桥,&张劲.(2017).围封和放牧对科尔沁沙质草地植被和土壤的影响.生态环境学报,26(6),971-977.
MLA	赵丽娅,et al."围封和放牧对科尔沁沙质草地植被和土壤的影响".生态环境学报 26.6(2017):971-977.