干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 马铃薯施肥播种起垄全膜覆盖种行覆土一体机设计

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	马铃薯施肥播种起垄全膜覆盖种行覆土一体机设计
其他题名	Design of potato casingsoil planter in all-in-one machine combined with fertilizing, sowing, ridging, complete film mulching and planting line covering
	孙伟; 刘小龙; 张华; 王虎存; 田斌
来源期刊	农业工程学报
ISSN	1002-6819
出版年	2017
卷号	33 期号:20 页码:14-22
中文摘要	为实现全膜覆盖种行覆土马铃薯机械化种植,针对地膜全域覆盖膜上对行覆土等难题,设计了马铃薯施肥播种起垄全膜覆盖种行覆土一体机。对样机关键部件进行了分析与设计,确定了液压偏置悬挂装置、跨越式膜上覆土装置、排种系统、碎土整形装置结构及工作参数,解析了核心部件作业机理。田间试验表明,马铃薯施肥播种起垄全膜覆盖种行覆土一体机膜下播种深度合格率为86%,种薯间距合格指数为89%,重种指数为5%,漏种指数为4%,种行覆土宽度合格率为92%,种行覆土厚度合格率为94%,邻接行距合格率为86%,地膜采光面机械破损程度为48.1 mm/m~2,渗水孔间距合格率为96%。田间性能试验指标均达到国家和行业标准要求,试验结果满足设计要求,能够实现施肥、播种、起垄、全膜覆盖、种行覆土一体化作业。
英文摘要	Whole plastic mulching and furrow planting has been widely adopted as a drought resistant cultivation model of potato in the arid areas on the Loess Plateau of Northwest China in recent years. Research has shown that the technique increases the production by more than 20% compared with the open field cultivation. However, due to the lack of matching planting machine, the sectional operation is currently adopted, with film mulching and artificially dropping seeds. The mode is labor-consuming and has poor-quality work, which urgently calls for mechanized combined operation. Since the 1950s, potato production equipment has begun to develop in the direction of automation in many developed countries in Europe and America, potato planting machine has changed from the elementary semi-mechanization to the senior automation, and meanwhile great achievements have been made in technical level and basic theory research. After 1980s, potato planter has rapidly progressed in China. More than a dozen scientific research institutes or production units began to develop and produce potato seeder, and with the passage of time, the technology is maturing. Whole plastic mulching and furrow planting requires that adjacent film edge butts and the ridge as well as furrow should be completely covered with plastic film. The existing mulch film planting technology basically takes the way shoveling soil from membrane side. There is a bare strip between the films so as to shovel soil and to operate potato planter. It does not meet the requirement of whole plastic mulching and furrow planting. In order to solve the problems of releasing seedlings and dibbling artificially in potato mulching film cultivation, the growth-promoting mechanism of covering soil on plastic film is applied to potato high-yielding cultivation techniques of whole plastic-film mulching, and a potato planter combined with fertilizing, sowing, ridging, complete film mulching, planting line covering is designed. Aiming at the matching problem of widths that the width of the tractor is larger than the width of the planter, a hydraulic offset suspension device is designed. To solve the problems of wind damage, cavity dislocation and seedlings burnt caused by not having enough volume of covering soil, the device is designed which is suitable for whole plastic-film mulching machine, namely spanning type device of covering soil on plastic film. In view of the problem of poor seeding stability of traditional chain metering device, the seed metering system is optimized and improved. Sharp wing furrower is designed to make the soil strip and the seedlings belt aligned both up and down. A soil-crushing and reshaping device is designed to ensure the shape of ridges. A punch is designed to drill the holes for water seepage on the film surface of the ditch bottom and to effectively make use of the rainfall collected by rainwater collecting surface.
中文关键词	机械化 ; 设计 ; 农作物 ; 全膜双垄沟 ; 种行覆土 ; 马铃薯种植机
英文关键词	mechanization design crops complete film mulching on double ridges covering soil on planting line potato planter
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6116747
来源机构	甘肃农业大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/236332
作者单位	甘肃农业大学机电工程学院, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	孙伟,刘小龙,张华,等. 马铃薯施肥播种起垄全膜覆盖种行覆土一体机设计[J]. 甘肃农业大学,2017,33(20):14-22.
APA	孙伟,刘小龙,张华,王虎存,&田斌.(2017).马铃薯施肥播种起垄全膜覆盖种行覆土一体机设计.农业工程学报,33(20),14-22.
MLA	孙伟,et al."马铃薯施肥播种起垄全膜覆盖种行覆土一体机设计".农业工程学报 33.20(2017):14-22.