干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 基于遥感的新疆人工绿洲扩张中植被净初级生产力动态变化

Arid

	基于遥感的新疆人工绿洲扩张中植被净初级生产力动态变化
其他题名	Dynamic change of net primary productivity during process of new artificial oasis expansion in Xinjiang based on remote sensing
	张芳 1; 熊黑钢2 ; 冯娟 1; 许仲林 1
来源期刊	农业工程学报
ISSN	1002-6819
出版年	2017
卷号	33 期号:12 页码:194-200
中文摘要	人类活动对全球碳循环过程的影响是全球气候变化研究中争论的主要焦点问题之一。不同区域、不同自然和人为因素对碳循环的作用机制十分复杂且差异很大,通过探讨人类开垦活动对干旱区绿洲生态系统净初级生产力(net primary productivity, NPP)分布格局的影响,将有助于增加人类活动对干旱区陆地生态系统及碳循环影响的认识和理解。该文基于长时间序列的Landsat遥感数据,利用CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach)模型估算了1976年6月-2016年6月新疆奇台新人工绿洲扩张过程中NPP的变化情况,结果表明:1)1976年研究区主要是荒漠草原景观,农田仅有5 150 hm~2,占研究区面积的3.25%,到2016年,农田面积扩大到64 675 hm~2,增加11倍以上;2)人工绿洲扩张的同时,泉水溢出带消失,水库干涸,灌丛面积从17 871 hm~2下降到5 202 hm~2;3)土壤盐碱化发育进程中断,裸碱地面积减少近70%,并且开始向新生草地演替;4)2016年6月,研究区NPP总量达到了90 602 t,是1976年6月的2.2倍,农田对NPP增量的贡献超过93%,同期,灌丛则净损失了8 265 t NPP,沼泽净损失3 319 t;5)1976年的NPP主要由天然草地和灌丛构成,分别占56.68%和26.61%,2016年的NPP主要由农田和新生草地构成,分别占65.23%和31.85%。
英文摘要	The impact of human activities on the global carbon cycle is one of the main concerns in the global climate change research. However, the mechanisms of the carbon cycle for the different regions, natural and human factors are very complex and different. Exploring the impact of human reclamation activities on the distribution pattern of net primary productivity (NPP) in arid oasis ecosystem will help to increase the understanding of human activities on terrestrial ecosystems and carbon cycle impacts in arid regions. This study aimed to investigate the change of NPP during the process of new artificial oasis expansion in Xinjiang based on the remote sensing data. June was selected as the optimal time for extracting vegetation cover types change information. Based on the long-term Landsat remote sensing data, the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model was used to estimate the change of NPP during the expansion of Xinjiang Qitai artificial oasis from June 1976 to June 2016. The results showed that: 1) In 1976, the study area mainly was dominated by desert steppe, and the farmland was only 5 150 hm~2, accounting for 3.25% of the area. By 2016, the amount of farmland expanded to 64 675hm~2, which increased by more than 11 times; 2) While the artificial oasis was expanding, spring overflow zone disappeared, the swampland and the reservoir dried up, which resulted in the decrease of shrub area from 17 871 hm~2 to 5 202 hm~2; 3) Reclamation resulted in a significant decline in groundwater level, soil salinity development process was interrupted, and bare alkaline area was reduced from 58 859 hm~2 in 1976 to 17 803 hm~2 in 2016, which was reduced by nearly 70% and began to succession to the new grassland; 4) In June 1976, the unit area NPP of farmland was 68.6 g/m~2, and the unit area NPP of farmland in June 2007 and June 2016 was over 90 g/m~2. In the recent 40 years, the unit area NPP of grassland was fluctuated within the range of 30-40 g/m~2, which was relatively stable; 5) In June 1976, the total NPP in the study area was 41 018 t, of which the contribution rate of farmland was only 8.62%. In June 2016, the total NPP of the study area reached to 90 602 t, which was 2.2 times higher than that in June 1976. The contribution rate of farmland to total NPP was 65.23%. In the same period, the net loss of shrub and swamp NPP was 8 265 t and 3 319 t, respectively; 6) Human activities were the decisive factors that influenced the distribution pattern of NPP in the study area. And NPP in 1976 were mainly composed of natural grassland and shrub, accounting for 56.68% and 26.61% respectively, NPP in 2016 was mainly composed of farmland and fresh grassland, accounting for 65.23% and 31.85%, respectively. In 1976, 66.93% of the shrubs, 75.58% of the swamps, 41.43% of the grassland, 23.86 % of the bare alkali land and 77.96% of the water bodies were evolved into farmland in 2016. The 43.62% of the grassland in 1976 was still grassland after 40 years, but was divided into fragments by the newly reclaimed farmland. Only 15.01% of the bare alkaline area in 1976 remained in 2016, while the rest came from degradation of grasslands, shrubs and swamps. In the recent 40 years, the original natural oasis landscape in the study area had been completely changed, and large areas of farmlands connected to each other become modern agriculture oasis that was suitable for large-scale agricultural machinery operations.
中文关键词	遥感 ; 草地 ; 农田 ; 新人工绿洲扩张 ; CASA模型 ; 新疆奇台绿洲
英文关键词	NPP remote sensing grassland farmland new artificial oasis expansion net primary productivity (NPP) Carnegie- Ames-Stan-ford Approach (CASA) Xinjiang Qitai oasis
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6022578
来源机构	新疆大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/236313
作者单位	1.新疆大学资源与环境科学学院, 教育部新疆绿洲生态重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830046, 中国; 2.北京联合大学应用文理学院, 教育部新疆绿洲生态重点实验室, 北京 100083, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张芳,熊黑钢,冯娟,等. 基于遥感的新疆人工绿洲扩张中植被净初级生产力动态变化[J]. 新疆大学,2017,33(12):194-200.
APA	张芳,熊黑钢,冯娟,&许仲林.(2017).基于遥感的新疆人工绿洲扩张中植被净初级生产力动态变化.农业工程学报,33(12),194-200.
MLA	张芳,et al."基于遥感的新疆人工绿洲扩张中植被净初级生产力动态变化".农业工程学报 33.12(2017):194-200.