干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 半干旱区不同秋覆膜方式对土壤水分及春玉米光合特性的影响

Arid

	半干旱区不同秋覆膜方式对土壤水分及春玉米光合特性的影响
其他题名	Effects of different patterns of plastic film mulching in autumn on soil moisture and photosynthetic characteristics of spring maize in the semi-arid regions
	张超; 吴杨; 黄方园; 贾志宽; 蔡铁; 任小龙
来源期刊	干旱地区农业研究
ISSN	1000-7601
出版年	2017
卷号	35 期号:2 页码:39-45
中文摘要	为了提高旱作农区降雨利用效率,并解决春旱问题,在西北半干旱地区设置了秋季地膜全覆盖(PA)和秋季沟垄集雨半膜覆盖(RH)两种覆膜方式,以裸地不覆盖(CK)为对照,对土壤水分、春玉米功能叶片的光合参数、荧光参数和籽粒产量进行了研究。结果表明:与对照(CK)相比,不同秋覆膜方式显著增加了春玉米播前0~100cm土壤储水量,2013年春旱严重,PA和RH处理分别提高了26.15%和13.40%;2014年春季有雨雪,两种覆膜方式分别提高了10.44%和11.20%。不同秋覆膜处理的春玉米净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、最大荧光(Fm)、最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、PSII的潜在活性(Fv/F_0)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)较对照有不同程度提高,且2014年增幅高于2013年。2013年PA和RH处理的籽粒产量较CK分别提高了40.98%和25.83%,水分利用效率增加了29.70%和22.87%;2014年两个处理春玉米籽粒产量分别提高了74.60%和48.64%,水分利用效率增加了64.87%和47.08%。试验表明,不同秋覆膜方式在西北半干旱地区均可提高春玉米叶片的光合性能,并显著提高春玉米籽粒产量及水分利用效率,在偏旱的年份效果尤为明显,且秋季地膜全覆盖优于秋季沟垄集雨半膜覆盖,是西北半干旱区春玉米一种高效的栽培模式。
英文摘要	With the purpose of promoting rainfall utilization efficiency and mitigating spring drought,the effects of plastic film mulching in autumn on soil moisture,photosynthetic indexes and fluorescence parameters in functional leaves and grain yield of spring corn were studie. Two different patterns of plastic film mulching in autumn - all film mulching in autumn (PA) and ridge and furrow planting of semi-film mulching in autumn (RH) - were tested in the semi-arid areas in Northwest. Corn plants with no mulching cover(CK) served as control. Results showed that water storage within 0 ~100 cm soil of the two different patterns of plastic film mulching in autumn increased significantly, compared with CK. In the spring of severe drought in 2013,soil water storage in the treatment of PA and RH increased by 26.15% and 13.40%,respectively. In the spring of rain and snow in 2014,soil water storage in the two patterns of plastic film mulching increased by 10.44% and 11.20%. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn),transpiration rate (Tr),stomatal conductance (Gs) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fm, Fv/Fm, Fv/F_0 and qP) of corn functional leaves in treatment PA and treatment RH were all higher than those in control in 2013 and 2014 (the rate of increase in these parameters was higher in 2014 than in 2013). The corn grain yield of PA and RH increased by 40.98% and 25.83% respectively, and 74.60%,48.64% in 2014. Water production efficiency of PA and RH increased by 29.70% and 22.87% in 2013 respectively, and 64.87%,47.08% in 2014. The results also showed that different patterns of plastic film mulching in autumn in the semi-arid areas of Northwest promoted the photosynthetic performance of leaves,and significantly increased grain yield and water use efficiency of corn, which was particularly evident in the drought year, and the all film mulching in autumn was the optimal cultivating model in the semi-arid region of Northwest and it was better than ridge and furrow planting of semi-film mulching in autumn.
中文关键词	春玉米 ; 秋季覆膜 ; 土壤水分 ; 光合特性 ; 产量
英文关键词	spring corn film mulching in autumn soil moisture photosynthetic characteristics yield
类型	Article
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Agriculture
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5979103
来源机构	西北农林科技大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/235888
作者单位	张超, 西北农林科技大学林学院, 农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国.; 黄方园, 西北农林科技大学林学院, 农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国.; 吴杨, 中国旱区节水农业研究院, 农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国.; 贾志宽, 中国旱区节水农业研究院, 农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国.; 蔡铁, 中国旱区节水农业研究院, 农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国.; 任小龙, 中国旱区节水农业研究院, 农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张超,吴杨,黄方园,等. 半干旱区不同秋覆膜方式对土壤水分及春玉米光合特性的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学,2017,35(2):39-45.
APA	张超,吴杨,黄方园,贾志宽,蔡铁,&任小龙.(2017).半干旱区不同秋覆膜方式对土壤水分及春玉米光合特性的影响.干旱地区农业研究,35(2),39-45.
MLA	张超,et al."半干旱区不同秋覆膜方式对土壤水分及春玉米光合特性的影响".干旱地区农业研究 35.2(2017):39-45.