干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 西南黄壤和西北黄土坡面侵蚀产沙规律比较研究

Arid

	西南黄壤和西北黄土坡面侵蚀产沙规律比较研究
其他题名	A comparison of slope erosion sediment yield characteristics of yellow soil in Southwest China and loess in Northwest China
	陈美淇 1; 张卓栋 1; 王晓岚 1; 张科利 1; 陈月红 2
来源期刊	中国水土保持科学
ISSN	1672-3007
出版年	2016
卷号	14 期号:6 页码:53-60
中文摘要	喀斯特地区是我国主要生态脆弱地区之一,黄壤是该地区主要土壤类型,本文基于贵州省毕节市与陕西安塞径流小区观测资料,对比分析降雨与坡面径流深、产沙模数等关系,研究次降雨坡面侵蚀规律。结果表明:黄壤坡面产流产沙主要来源于大雨及暴雨,受降雨量影响最大,数量上小于黄土坡面;黄壤坡面产流与降雨量相关性大于与其与时段降雨强度相关性,黄土坡面反之;随降雨级别增大,黄壤坡面产流与降雨特征关系由无规律变为线性;时段降雨强度与黄壤坡面产沙呈指数关系,与黄土坡面呈幂函数关系;缺乏过程资料时,可采用M = 0.54 e~(0.11 p)预测黄壤坡面次降雨侵蚀量;降雨侵蚀力与产流产沙呈线性关系,单位降雨侵蚀力引起的产流产沙量黄壤坡面均小于黄土坡面;坡面产流与产沙均呈良好线性关系,产流量相近时,黄壤坡面产沙量略小于黄土坡面。研究结果表明黄壤坡面侵蚀量小于黄土坡面,但由于其土层薄,侵蚀程度仍十分严重,区域水土流失防治工作仍需加强。
英文摘要	[Background]Karst region is one of the most vulnerable ecosystems in China,and the soil resources in this region are limited because of the slow pedogenesis processes of severe soil erosion influenced by the unique karst process. In recent decades, soil erosion resulted in large rocky desertification,reductions of agricultural productivity,and decreases of land fertility. Yellow soil is the major soil type in this region. It is essential to study sediment yield characteristics at slope scales for effective soil slope loss control,water and soil resources utilization and management. [Methods]Based on the data of field plots in Bijie of Guizhou Province in Southwest Cina and Ansai of Shaanxi Province in Northuest China,the characteristics and relationships of rainfall,runoff and sediment yield under natural rainfall events were investigated and analyzed by statistical methods,and the differences between two stations were compared and discussed. [Results]1) Runoff and sediment yield in the yellow soil slope of Bijie mainly resulted from heavy rains and storms,and they were smaller than those of loess slopes in Ansai,and more evenly distributed. 2) Runoff was more relevant to precipitation than to rainfall intensity,which was contrary to the relationships on loess slope. As precipitation increased from A rainfall type(0 < P ≤ 25 mm) to B type(P > 25 mm),the relationship between runoff and rainfall characteristics on yellow soil slopes changed from random to a linear function. While under the same change of rainfall type,the relationship between runoff and rainfall characteristics remained linear on loess slopes. The relationship of rainfall intensity and sediment yield on yellow soil slopes was in an exponential function,while it was in power on loess slopes. 3) When lacking process data,the equation M = 0.54 e~(0.11 p) can be used to predict soil loss on yellow soil slope for individual rainfall events. 4) Rainfall erosivity was linear to both runoff and sediment yield on both yellow soil and loess slopes,and it was a proper indicator to predict runoff and sediment yields on loess slopes,while it was not that suitable for yellow soil slopes. Runoff and sediment yield caused by unit rainfall erosivity on yellow soil slopes were smaller than those on loess slopes. 5) Sediment yield of both yellow soil and loess slopes were in linear function to the runoff. When runoff was similar,sediment yield on yellow soil slopes was smaller to that on loess slopes. [Conclusions]It is valuable to study soil erosion factors for quantitative estimation of soil erosion,especially in Karst region. Precipitation is a dominant factor that influences runoff and sediment yield on yellow soil slopes. The more precipitation,the more runoff and sediment yield. The amount of runoff and sediment yield on yellow soil slopes are smaller than those on loess slopes,however, the soil erosion situation in the Karst region is even severer due to the scarcity of soil resources here.
中文关键词	黄壤 ; 坡面侵蚀 ; 径流 ; 产沙 ; 黄土
英文关键词	yellow soil slope erosion runoff sediment yield loess
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5893891
来源机构	北京师范大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/235510
作者单位	1.北京师范大学,地理学与遥感科学学院, 北京 100875, 中国; 2.中国水利水电科学研究院, 北京 100048, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	陈美淇,张卓栋,王晓岚,等. 西南黄壤和西北黄土坡面侵蚀产沙规律比较研究[J]. 北京师范大学,2016,14(6):53-60.
APA	陈美淇,张卓栋,王晓岚,张科利,&陈月红.(2016).西南黄壤和西北黄土坡面侵蚀产沙规律比较研究.中国水土保持科学,14(6),53-60.
MLA	陈美淇,et al."西南黄壤和西北黄土坡面侵蚀产沙规律比较研究".中国水土保持科学 14.6(2016):53-60.