干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 近50年黄土高原马莲河流域降水变化特征分析

Arid

	近50年黄土高原马莲河流域降水变化特征分析
其他题名	Precipitation variation in Malianhe River Basin of the Loess Plateau in recent 50 years
	张耀宗; 张多勇; 刘艳艳
来源期刊	中国水土保持科学
ISSN	1672-3007
出版年	2016
卷号	14 期号:6 页码:44-52
中文摘要	不同等级降水与侵蚀性降水对水土保持有重要意义,为了更好地建设黄土高原生态屏障,亟须对马莲河流域降水特征进行详细分析。收集到马莲河流域19612010年西峰国家基准站、环县国家基本站和华池、庆城、合水、宁县、正宁5个国家一般站的日降水观测数据,使用PMF方法,对数据进行均一化检验,确保数据质量。采用基本气象水文统计方法,研究流域降水统计特征。运用气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall检验、滑动T检验、累积距平和Morlet小波变换等方法,分析流域降水趋势、突变点和周期等特征,同时分析侵蚀性降水、不同等级降水日数和降水强度的变化特征。结果表明: 1)马莲河流域多年平均降水482 mm,四季降水分别占年降水量的18%、53%、27%和2%,侵蚀性降水占年降水57%,降水变异系数为0.19,流域降水> 400 mm的保证率为72%,> 500 mm的保证率为38%; 2) 19612010年马莲河流域降水与侵蚀性降水均呈减少趋势,春、秋季降水呈减少趋势,冬季降水呈增加趋势; 3)降水的突变点不明显, 1992年之后,降水呈减少的趋势,年和四季降水有19、11、4和2 a左右的主周期; 4)中雨和小雨是马莲河流域主要降水形式, 19612010年,降水减少是中雨和小雨显著减少引起的,降水强度与侵蚀性降水强度呈增强趋势,降水日数的减少对降水强度的增加有重要影响。马莲河流域侵蚀强度并未随雨量的减少而减弱,降水侵蚀风险没有减小,水土保持工作需要持续深入,水土保持与荒漠化治理刻不容缓。
英文摘要	[Background]The Loess Plateau is one of the most serious soil erosion areas in China,and it is also an important region of ecological management and constructing ecological defense. It has proved that the small watershed is the basic unit of flood control and soil conservation in the Loess Plateau,and it plays a basic role in the construction of the ecological barrier on the Loess Plateau. Rainfall is the main erosion force of soil erosion on the Loess Plateau,and it is also an important guarantee for the ecological environment construction in the Loess Plateau,and also an important factor for the social and economic development for the river basin. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of different grades precipitation are particularly important to assess the risk of soil erosion and geological hazards. The Malian River Basin is located in Longdong Loess Plateau,belonging to the middle reaches of the Yellow River,is a first tributary of the Jinghe River. Therefore,the variation characteristics of precipitation in the Malian River Watershed in the Loess Plateau is worthy of further study of the problem. [Methods] Daily rainfall data from 1961 to 2010 at Xifeng National Base Station,Huan County National Basic Station and other 5 general stations were collected among the Malian River Basin. In order to ensure the quality of the data,the PMF method was used to examine homogenization. The statistical characteristics of precipitation in the river basin were studied using the basic meteorological and hydrological statistics method. The variation trend,abrupt change and periods of precipitation were analyzed by applying climatic tendency rate,M-K test,sliding T test,cumulative anomaly and Morlet wavelet transform. Meanwhile,change characteristics of the days and intensity about erosive rainfall and precipitation were studied. [Results]Mean annual precipitation in the Malian River Basin was 482 mm and precipitation in four seasons respectively accounted for 18%,53%,27%,and 2% of the annual precipitation,erosive precipitation accounted for 57% of the annual precipitation,precipitation variation coefficient was 0.19. The guarantee rate of precipitation over 400 mm in the river basin was 72%,guarantee rate of more than 500 mm was 38%. Precipitation and erosive rainfall showed a decreasing trend in the Malian River Basin during 1961-2010,the spring and autumn precipitation showed a decreasing trend,winter precipitation showed increasing trend. The abrupt change of precipitation was around 1992,the abrupt change of precipitation in autumn was the earliest in 1976,and the spring was around 1992 in Malian River Basin. The annual and seasonal precipitation had main cycles of 19 a,11 a,4-6 a,and 2 a. Moderate rain and light rain were the main form of precipitation in Malian River Basin. The reduction of precipitation significantly resulted from moderate and light rain during 1961-2010. There was an increased trend in intensity of precipitation and erosive rainfall during 1961-2010. [Conclusions] The precipitation intensity has increased,thus the potential risk of soil erosion has not weakened. Soil and water conservation and desertification prevention for the Malian River Basin cannot be slacked off. Future precipitation changes are related to the ecological barrier construction in Malian River Basin,it is worth of continuously paying attention to the problem.
中文关键词	黄土高原 ; 马莲河 ; 降水 ; 降水量等级 ; 侵蚀性降水
英文关键词	the Loess Plateau Malian River Basin precipitation different levels of precipitation erosive rainfall
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	METEOROLOGY ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
WOS研究方向	Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5893890
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/235509
作者单位	陇东学院历史与地理学院, 庆阳, 甘肃 745000, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张耀宗,张多勇,刘艳艳. 近50年黄土高原马莲河流域降水变化特征分析[J],2016,14(6):44-52.
APA	张耀宗,张多勇,&刘艳艳.(2016).近50年黄土高原马莲河流域降水变化特征分析.中国水土保持科学,14(6),44-52.
MLA	张耀宗,et al."近50年黄土高原马莲河流域降水变化特征分析".中国水土保持科学 14.6(2016):44-52.