干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 残膜对番茄苗期和开花坐果期生长的影响

Arid

	残膜对番茄苗期和开花坐果期生长的影响
其他题名	Effect of residual plastic film on growth of tomato at seedling and blooming and fruit-setting stages
	邹小阳 1; 牛文全 1; 刘晶晶 2; 李元 3; 官雅辉 1; 梁博惠 2; 郭丽丽 2; 张明智 4
来源期刊	中国生态农业学报
ISSN	1671-3990
出版年	2016
卷号	24 期号:12 页码:1643-1654
中文摘要	残膜污染已成为危害农田生态系统的重要因子,不仅阻碍土壤水分和养分运移,而且影响作物生长。为探明残膜对不同生育期番茄生长的影响规律,采用小区试验方法,设置0 kg·hm~(-2)、80 kg·hm~(-2)、160 kg·hm~(-2)、320 kg·hm~(-2)、640 kg·hm~(-2)和1 280 kg·hm~(-2)共6种不同残膜量水平,研究残膜量对番茄苗期和开花坐果期的根系特征、地上部生长和干物质积累的影响,并采用Logistic生长模型定量分析残膜对番茄养分积累始盛期、高峰期和盛末期的影响。结果表明,残膜阻碍了番茄苗期和开花坐果期根系的生长,根体积、根长密度和根干质量密度均随残膜量增加而降低;随着残膜量增加,苗期和开花坐果期的株高和茎粗均呈减小趋势,且株高和茎粗的增长速率逐渐降低。番茄养分积累的始盛期和高峰期随残膜量增加而提前,番茄追肥的最佳时期也应提前。在番茄苗期和开花坐果期,根系、茎秆、花和幼果的干物质量均随残膜量增加而减少,而叶片的干物质量呈递增趋势。残膜对番茄苗期根系、地上部生长和干物质积累的阻碍作用高于开花坐果期。由此可见,残膜对番茄苗期的危害强于开花坐果期,且干物质积累的始盛期和高峰期均随残膜量增加而提前,加强番茄苗期水肥管理和提前水肥施加时间是减轻残膜危害的有利措施。
英文摘要	Although plastic film mulching is critical for crop production, its widespread use has produced a great deal of residual plastic film and destroyed soil structure, damaged the physical structure of soil and seriously impeded the movement of soil water and solute as well as crop growth. In order to determine the negative effects of residual plastic film on growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculeutum Miller.) at seedling and blooming and fruit-setting stages, plot experiment was conducted with different amounts of residual plastic film in 2015-2016 in a solar greenhouse of the Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Areas (108°02′E, 34°17′N). Six treatments, including residual plastic film amounts of 0 kg·hm-2, 80 kg·hm~(-2), 160 kg·hm~(-2), 320 kg·hm~(-2), 640 kg·hm~(-2) and 1 280 kg·hm~(-2), were set in triplicate plots. The total area of plot filed was 75.6 m~2 (6.0 m * 12.6 m) with three replications for each treatment, with each micro-plot size of 1.0 m * 4.2 m. The height and stem diameter of the tomato plants were collected during the period from October 2015 to January 2016 and analyzed and then fitted with nonlinear Logistic models to determine the effects of residual plastic film on the biomass accumulation at seedling stage, blooming and fruit-setting stage of tomato. During the experiment, root morphological characteristics, plant height, stem diameter and biomass accumulation of the tomato plants were measured. The results showed that residual plastic film hindered the growth of tomato root at both seedling and blooming and fruit-setting stages. Root volume, root length density and root dry weight density decreased with increasing residual plastic film amount. In addition, as the amount of plastic film residue increased, plant height and stem diameter decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Besides, the rates of increase in plant height and stem diameter decreased with increasing residual plastic film amount. Logistic model accurately simulated the growth process of tomato in fields with residual plastic film less than 1 280 kg·hm~(-2) (R~2 > 0.87). As the amount of residual plastic film increased, beginning period and full period of tomato biomass accumulation was ahead of time. This implied that the suitable time of fertilization of tomato should be brought forward. Overall, biomass accumulation decreased for the whole tomato growth period. Contrary to biomass accumulation of leaf, that of root, stem, flower and young fruit decreased with increasing residual plastic film amount. The hindering effects of residual plastic film on tomato growth and dry matter accumulation at seedling stage were higher than at blooming and fruit-setting stage. The early period and middle period of tomato biomass accumulation all occurred in advanced. In summary, strengthening water and fertilizer management at seedling stage and bringing forward the application of fertilizer and irrigation were recommended as the proper measures to weaken the detrimental effects of residual plastic film on tomato.
中文关键词	番茄 ; 根系 ; 干物质积累 ; 生长指标 ; 残膜
英文关键词	Tomato Root Dry matter accumulation Growth parameter Residual plastic film
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5857263
来源机构	西北农林科技大学 ; 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/235486
作者单位	1.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 杨凌, 712100; 2.西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 杨凌, 712100; 3.西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 杨凌, 712100; 4.河南省水利科学研究院, 郑州, 河南 450002, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	邹小阳,牛文全,刘晶晶,等. 残膜对番茄苗期和开花坐果期生长的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学, 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,2016,24(12):1643-1654.
APA	邹小阳.,牛文全.,刘晶晶.,李元.,官雅辉.,...&张明智.(2016).残膜对番茄苗期和开花坐果期生长的影响.中国生态农业学报,24(12),1643-1654.
MLA	邹小阳,et al."残膜对番茄苗期和开花坐果期生长的影响".中国生态农业学报 24.12(2016):1643-1654.