干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): EM保水剂施用对烤烟的影响及其施用制度的优选研究

Arid

	EM保水剂施用对烤烟的影响及其施用制度的优选研究
其他题名	Optimization of EM water-retention agent application in flue-cured tobacco
	侯毛毛; 邵孝侯; 陈竞楠; 翟亚明; 赵廷超; 王刚
来源期刊	中国生态农业学报
ISSN	1671-3990
出版年	2016
卷号	24 期号:5 页码:628-636
中文摘要	烤烟是我国重要的叶用经济作物, 我国是烟草种植面积和烟叶总产量最高的国家, 烤烟生产对我国西南诸省(如云、贵、川)国民经济和财政收入水平的提高有重要作用。但烟区出现的阶段性干旱经常影响烤烟的产量及其正常的成熟。因此, 加强烤烟节水抗旱技术研究, 合理调控烟田水分供应, 是确保干旱地区烟叶优质适产的关键。本文分别以MP3005KM保水剂、秸秆、EM活性钙和EM复壮液为主要材料制作EM保水剂, 研究了不同EM保水剂处理对烤烟生长、产量和品质的影响, 并引入熵权系数评价模型, 建立评价指标体系, 优选综合效益最优的EM保水剂施用制度。结果表明: 不同EM保水剂处理均增加了烤烟单株叶面积, 秸秆为主要材料的EM保水剂(T1和T2)对烤烟生长中后期叶面积的增长促进作用更明显; 表征烤烟叶面积指数(LAI)动态变化的作物生长模型显示, T2(40 g?株~(-1) EM活性钙+300 g?株~(-1)秸秆)和T6(40 g?株~(-1) EM活性钙+6 g?株~(-1) MP3005KM)处理烤烟LAI具备较大的增长空间; EM保水剂明显提高了烤烟旺长期和成熟期的净光合速率(P_n), 同时降低了蒸腾速率(T_r), 调节了烤烟叶片的光合作用。主成分分析显示, 与不施保水剂相比, EM保水剂的施用显著提高了烤烟的"综合品质", 秸秆为主要材料的EM保水剂的"提质"效益最优, T1和T2烤烟品质综合主成分值分别达3.25和2.76。综合考虑"高产"、"优质"、"节水"和"节肥"等因素, 本研究推荐40 g?株~(-1) EM活性钙结合4 500 kg?hm~(-2)秸秆段作为EM保水剂的施用制度, 在该制度下, 烤烟产量、灌溉水利用效率和氮肥偏生产力分别为2 433.5 kg?hm~(-2)、0.608 kg?m~(-3)和27.04 kg?kg~(-1)。
英文摘要	Flue-cured tobacco is an important economic crop in China, with the highest planting area and yield in the world. With a huge capacity to improve financial revenue, flue-cured tobacco production in China’s southwest provinces (e.g., Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan) is critical for the national economy. But periodic droughts in tobacco planting zones affect the production of flue-cured tobacco and the normal maturity process. Enhancing studies on drought resistance, water-saving techniques and reasonable regulation of field water supply in flue-cured tobacco production is necessary to guarantee high quality and yield production in arid regions. In this study, MP3005KM water-retention agent, straw, EM activated calcium and EM rejuvenation were used to determine the effect of EM water-retention agent on tobacco growth, yield and quality. The study also used entropy weight coefficient evaluation model and system evaluation indexes to select the optimal application schemes with the most comprehensive benefits. The results showed that different treatments all increased tobacco leaf area of a single plant, especially, straw treatments (T1 and T2) more significantly increased leaf area of a single plant at later growth stage of flue-cured tobacco. The crop growth model simulating the dynamics of LAI showed that T2 (40 g?plant~(-1) EM activated calcium + 300 g?plant~(-1) straw) and T6 (40 g?plant~(-1) EM activated calcium + 6 g?plant~(-1) MP3005KM) obtained more larger increasing range. EM water-retention agent treatments increased net photosynthetic rate (P_n) and decreased transpiration rate (T_r), which regulated photosynthetic effects of tobacco leaves at vigorous stages (including maturity stage). Principle component analysis showed that EM water-retention application significantly increased the overall quality of tobacco leaves compared with no EM water-retention agent. Straw treatments had better quality improvement effects, with comprehensive quality indexes 3.25 and 2.76, respectively, for T1 and T2. In terms of high yield, good quality, water-saving potential and fertilizer use efficiency, the 40 g?plant~(-1) of EM-calcium combined with 4 500 kg?hm~(-2) of straw system was recommended as the application scheme of EM water-retention agent for flue-cured tobacco. Under this scheme, flue-cured tobacco yield, irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were 2 433.5 kg?hm~(-2), 0.608 kg?m~(-3) and 27.04 kg?kg~(-1), respectively.
中文关键词	有效微生物(EM) ; 保水剂 ; 作物秸秆 ; 烤烟 ; 施用制度
英文关键词	Effective microorganism (EM) Water-retention agent Crop straw Flue-cured tobacco Application scheme
类型	Article
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Agriculture
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5703525
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/235473
作者单位	侯毛毛, 福建农林大学园艺学院, 福州, 福建 350002, 中国.; 邵孝侯, 河海大学水利水电学院, 南京, 江苏 210098, 中国.; 陈竞楠, 河海大学水利水电学院, 南京, 江苏 210098, 中国.; 翟亚明, 河海大学水利水电学院, 南京, 江苏 210098, 中国.; 赵廷超, 贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司, 兴义, 562400.; 王刚, 贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司, 兴义, 562400.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	侯毛毛,邵孝侯,陈竞楠,等. EM保水剂施用对烤烟的影响及其施用制度的优选研究[J],2016,24(5):628-636.
APA	侯毛毛,邵孝侯,陈竞楠,翟亚明,赵廷超,&王刚.(2016).EM保水剂施用对烤烟的影响及其施用制度的优选研究.中国生态农业学报,24(5),628-636.
MLA	侯毛毛,et al."EM保水剂施用对烤烟的影响及其施用制度的优选研究".中国生态农业学报 24.5(2016):628-636.