干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 西北黄土高原半干旱区全膜微垄沟穴播对冬小麦耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响

Arid

	西北黄土高原半干旱区全膜微垄沟穴播对冬小麦耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响
其他题名	Effects of Micro Ridge-Furrow with Plastic Film Mulching and Bunching Seeding on Water Consumption Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat in Semiarid Areas of Northwest Loess Plateau
	侯慧芝 1; 高世铭 2; 张绪成 1; 王德贵 2
来源期刊	中国农业科学
ISSN	0578-1752
出版年	2016
卷号	49 期号:24 页码:4701-4713
中文摘要	【目的】西北黄土高原半干旱区降水稀少,且冬小麦生育期内50%以上为<10 mm的无效降水。如何充分集蓄这部分降水,是该区冬小麦稳产高产和提高降水利用效率的关键。【方法】于20112015年在西北黄土高原半干旱区(104°36′ E,35°35′ N)进行大田定位试验,以冬小麦中粮1号为试验材料,设全膜微垄沟穴播(PRF)、全膜覆土穴播(PMS)、覆砂穴播(SM)和露地穴播(CK)4个处理,测定冬小麦不同生育时期0 200 cm土层土壤含水量、生物量、产量及其构成因子,计算不同生育期土壤贮水量、阶段耗水量和水分利用效率(WUE)等,以明确PRF处理对土壤水分含量、冬小麦阶段耗水量、产量及WUE的影响。【结果】在播前和返青期,PRF处理在0200 cm土层的土壤贮水量较PMS、SM处理和CK分别平均增加24.3、38.8、7.4 mm和18.2、26.9、67.8 mm。PRF处理抽穗灌浆期耗水量平均较PMS处理增加了36.0 mm,返青抽穗和灌浆成熟期耗水量平均较SM增加12.1和16.7 mm,较CK增加40.8和37.6 mm。PRF处理的生物量较PMS处理增加了2.2%15.4%,分别在20112012年的灌浆期和成熟期、20142015年的苗期和抽穗期达显著差异,在苗期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期显著高于SM和CK。公顷穗数、穗粒数和千粒重4年均表现为PRF处理>PMS处理>SM处理,3个处理间无显著差异,但均显著高于CK。PRF处理的产量最高,为4 373.64 950.0 kg·hm-2,较PMS处理增加2.4%12.7%,并在20122013和20142015年达显著差异;显著高于SM处理(除2012 2013年)和CK(增产35.8%43.8%)。PRF处理的WUE较PMS处理增加0.4%12.8%,除20132014外均达显著性差异;显著高于SM处理(除20142015年)和CK(提高8.1%42.1%)。【结论】全膜微垄沟穴播能较为充分地利用<10 mm的无效降水,提高冬小麦播前和返青期0200 cm土层的土壤贮水量,促进小麦灌浆期间耗水,增加公顷穗数、穗粒数和千粒重,提高小麦产量和水分利用效率,是西北黄土高原半干旱区冬小麦高产高效的种植模式。
英文摘要	【Objective】Precipitation is inadequate in arid and semiarid areas of Northwest Loess Plateau. Especially, the invalid precipitation, which daily rainfall less than 10 mm, accounts for more than 50% in winter wheat growth period. Consequently, How to use this part of precipitation sufficiently is a key method to increase the rainfall use efficiency and yield stably of winter wheat in this area.【Method】The winter wheat cultivar Zhongliang was selected as test material, a field experiment was conducted from 2011 to 2015 on Northwest Loess Plateau (104°36′ E, 35°35′ N). The designed four treatments were (1) micro ridge-furrow with whole field plastic film mulching and bunching seeding (PRF), (2) whole field soil plastic mulching and bunching seeding (PMS), (3) sand mulching and bunching seeding (SM), and (4) bunching seeding without mulching (CK). The seasonal soil water content in 0-200 cm soil profile, aboveground biomass, yield and its components of winter wheat were recorded; the wheat periodical water consumption in 0-200 cm soil profile, and water use efficiency had been calculated, to understand the effect of PRF on soil water storage, water consumption characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat. 【Result】 The four-year average soil water storage of PRF at sowing and re-green stages was higher than PMS, SM, CK by 24.3, 38.8, 7.4 mm and 18.2, 26.9, 67.8 mm, respectively. PRF averagely increased wheat evapotranspiration from heading to filling stage by 36.0 mm than PMS. As compared with SM and CK, it increased by 12.1 mm and 16.7 mm, 40.8 mm and 37.6 mm from turning-green to heading and from filling to maturity, respectively. The aboveground biomass of PRF was higher than PMS by 2.2%-15.4% at seeding, heading, filling and maturing stages, the significant difference was observed at filling stage in 2011-2012, and at seedling and heading stages in 2014-2015. As compared with CK and SM, the aboveground biomass of PRF was significantly higher at the four growth stages. Spike number, grain number and 1000-grain weight were performed as PRF>PMS>SM in four experimental years, the significant difference was not observed among the three treatments, but significantly higher than CK. The yield of PRF was the highest among the four treatments, it reached 4 373.6-4 950.0 kg·hm-2, increased by 2.4%-12.7% than PMS, and a significant difference was observed in 2012-2013 and 2014-2015. It was significantly higher than SM (except for 2012-2013) and CK (increased by 35.8%-43.8%) in four experimental years. The water use efficiency of PRF increased by 0.4%-12.8% as compared with PMS, a significant difference was observed except for 2013-2014, it was also significantly higher than SM (except for 2014-2015) and CK (significantly increased by 8.1% -42.1%) in four experimental years. 【Conclusion】 PRF could use small rainfall (daily rainfall amount <10 mm) efficiently, increased soil water storage in 0-200 cm profile at sowing and turning-green stages, improved wheat evapotranspiration at filling stage, increased spike number, weight and kilo-grain weight, resulted in the increment of grain yield and water use efficiency. Consequently, the micro ridge-furrow with whole field plastic film mulching and bunching seeding is the better cropping patterns for high yield and efficiency of winter wheat in semiarid areas of Northwest Loess Plateau.
中文关键词	全膜覆盖微垄沟穴播 ; 冬小麦 ; 贮水量 ; 耗水特性 ; 产量 ; 西北黄土高原
英文关键词	micro ridge-furrow with whole field plastic film mulching and bunching seeding winter wheat soil water storage periodical water consumption yield Northwest Loess Plateau
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRONOMY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5887481
来源机构	甘肃农业大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/235371
作者单位	1.甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国; 2.甘肃农业大学农学院, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	侯慧芝,高世铭,张绪成,等. 西北黄土高原半干旱区全膜微垄沟穴播对冬小麦耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 甘肃农业大学,2016,49(24):4701-4713.
APA	侯慧芝,高世铭,张绪成,&王德贵.(2016).西北黄土高原半干旱区全膜微垄沟穴播对冬小麦耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响.中国农业科学,49(24),4701-4713.
MLA	侯慧芝,et al."西北黄土高原半干旱区全膜微垄沟穴播对冬小麦耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响".中国农业科学 49.24(2016):4701-4713.