干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 西藏高原农牧系统耦合发展及其生态效应

Arid

	西藏高原农牧系统耦合发展及其生态效应
其他题名	Coupling Crop Farming and Pastoral System for Regional Development and Their Ecological Effects on the Tibetan Plateau
	何永涛; 张宪洲; 余成群
来源期刊	中国科学院院刊
ISSN	1000-3045
出版年	2016
卷号	31 期号:1 页码:112-117
中文摘要	生态安全屏障建设和促进农牧民持续增收是西藏高原可持续发展过程中面临的两方面重大需求。文章根据西藏地域分异的特点,对藏北地区草地面临的主要生态问题以及高原地区农牧民面临的增收困境进行了分析,提出了农区和牧区互动耦合的区域发展对策。即利用西藏一江两河河谷农区丰富的水热和土地条件,建设草产品和饲料基地,实施南草北上工程,对藏北地区的牲畜进行季节性补饲,缓解草畜矛盾,遏止草地退化,不仅可以改善藏北草地的生态环境,同时还可以增加农牧民的收入,从而实现西藏高原生态环境保护和农牧民收入增加的双赢。
英文摘要	Tibet Autonomous Region of China, as central part of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, average elevation above 4000m, is one key zone for ecological sheltering function to China and East Asia. Nevertheless, the ecological capacity of the Tibetan plateau is lower due to their extreme environment and abominable natural resources. And, the Tibetan plateau is among those areas that are most sensitive and vulnerable to future climate change, addition with increasing human activities, such as overgrazing, many ecological problems including ecosystem degradation emerged on the Tibetan plateau, which will inevitably weaken the ecological sheltering function on the Tibetan plateau.On the other hand, poverty still widespreads on the Tibetan plateau due to inadequacy of natural resources and rigorous environment.Therefore, how to increase income of the local farmers is another important problem. Although the average income of local famers increased from 1 691 RMB in 2003 to 7 359 RMB in 2014 on the Tibetan plateau, it is still lower than national level, and about 45.7*10~4 local people lives below the national poverty line standard. The government aims to increase the local framer’s average income equal to national level in year 2020. In summary, both strength the ecological sheltering function and increase income of famer and herdsman are pressing tasks on the Tibetan plateau. Therefore, the road to sustainable development and ecological civilization on the Tibetan plateau should be conserving the natural environment friendly. And, the increasing income of local farmers mainly comes from agricultural and pastoral because the traditional husbandry supported by alpine grassland ecosystem still dominated on the Tibetan plateau.Obvious functional differences exit between the pastoral system and crop farming system on the Tibetan plateau. The pastoral system distributes above 4000m, mainly includes the Nagqu and Nagri prefecture, and this region locates at the highest area, which is important for ecological sheltering function in China. Dominated ecosystems include the alpine meadow, steppe, and desert, their natural productivity is limited and the edible forage is lower than 100kg/mu. The shortage of forage, especially in non-growth season, restricts the development of livestock farming. The contradiction between the forage supply and livestock demand will inevitably bring damage to natural grassland ecosystem. The crop-farming system distributed about 3 000-4 000 m, along the dominated river basin of YarlungZangbo river, Lhasa river, and Nyangqu river, mainly includes the Lhasa, Xigaze, Shannan prefecture. This area has the advantage climate and enough fields for crop farming, and their productivity of forage is about 3 000 kg/mu, which far higher than that of natural grassland in northwestern Tibetan plateau,while the current single grains planting structure limits the increase of local farm’s income. We suggest that the ways to deal with this situation should couple pastoral system and crop farming system in different areas to realize the double win for increasing farmer’s income and guarantee the ecological sheltering function on the Tibetan Plateau. This engineer mainly is to produce forage in crop farming system and to supply the forage to pastoral ecosystem for reducing the overgrazing in natural grassland. Based on ensuring the crop demand for the local people, some crop field can shift to artificial pasture for producing more forage in the crop framing area.
中文关键词	西藏 ; 农牧民增收 ; 生态屏障功能 ; 农牧耦合 ; 区域发展
英文关键词	Tibetan plateau income increasing ecological sheltering function system coupling regional development
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5615514
来源机构	中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/235346
作者单位	中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 中国科学院生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室(拉萨站), 北京 100101, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	何永涛,张宪洲,余成群. 西藏高原农牧系统耦合发展及其生态效应[J]. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,2016,31(1):112-117.
APA	何永涛,张宪洲,&余成群.(2016).西藏高原农牧系统耦合发展及其生态效应.中国科学院院刊,31(1),112-117.
MLA	何永涛,et al."西藏高原农牧系统耦合发展及其生态效应".中国科学院院刊 31.1(2016):112-117.