干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 控墒补灌对新疆春玉米产量和穗叶光合特性的影响

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	控墒补灌对新疆春玉米产量和穗叶光合特性的影响
其他题名	Effects of water-controlled irrigation on maize yield and photosynthetic characteristics of ear leaf in Xinjiang Province,China
	王国栋 1; 陈云 2; 梁飞 2; 张磊 2; 郭斌 3; 曾胜和 1
来源期刊	应用生态学报
ISSN	1001-9332
出版年	2016
卷号	27 期号:8 页码:2499-2506
中文摘要	为探讨北疆绿洲区滴灌春玉米的高产栽培水分管理模式,以郑单958(ZD958)和垦玉2号(KY02)为试验材料,研究了控墒补灌对滴灌春玉米大喇叭口期(V12)至蜡熟期(R5)叶片SPAD值以及灌浆期(R3)穗叶色素、光合和荧光等参数的影响.结果表明:土壤墒度过低或过高均会显著(P<0.05)降低V12-R3期叶片SPAD值,R5期宜保持在田间持水量的65%以上.灌浆期土壤墒度<75%时玉米叶绿素a、b及叶绿素总含量、类胡萝卜素、叶绿素a/b显著下降,但土壤墒度>85%时差异并不显著;土壤墒度<75%时玉米净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)及气孔导度(g_s)显著下降,胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)显著上升,但土壤墒度>85%时并未观察到gs的降低.土壤墒度过高或过低均可显著降低最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、潜在活性(F_v/ F_o)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Phi_(PSⅡ))、光化学淬灭(q_P)和光合电子传递速率(rETR)等荧光参数,热耗散量子比率(F_o/F_m)、非光化学淬灭(NPQ)显著升高;通径分析发现,Pn降低主要由F_v/F_o和rETR的下降导致,最终表现为产量的降低.这表明各生育时期土壤墒度保持在V6>60%、V12>70%、R1>75%、R3>80%、R5>65%是本地区滴灌春玉米获得高产的最佳水分管理模式.
英文摘要	In order to explore the suitable water management patterns for high yield of spring maize under drip irrigation in oasis regions of North Xinjiang,two maize cultivars (Zhengdan 958 and Kenyu 02) were used to study the effect of water-controlled irrigation on the leaf SPAD value at V12-R5 stage,and chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of ear leaf at filling stage in the field. Results showed that the leaf SPAD values peaked under moderate soil moisture treatments during V12-R3 stage. The field capacity of soil moisture above 65% was suitable for the development of corn at R5 stage. The chlorophyll a,b and total chlorophyll contents,carotene,chlorophyll a /b were significantly decreased when soil moisture was less than 75%,however the above parameters had no significant difference when soil moisture was more than 85%. The net photosynthetic rate (P_n),transpiration rate (T_r) and stomata conductance (g_s) of ear leaf were significantly decreased in filling stages when soil moisture was less than 75%, but the intercellular CO_2 concentration (C_i) was significantly increased. The reduction of gs was not observed when the soil moisture was more than 85% of field capacities. Meanwhile,the variable flu- orescence to maximal fluorescence (F_v /F_m),potential activities of PSII (F_v /F_o),PSⅡ actual photochemical efficiency (Phi_(PSⅡ)),photochemical quenching (q_P) and electron transport rate (rETR) decreased significantly under both higher and lower soil moisture treatments. However,the F_o /F_m and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) significantly increased at the same time. The path analysis showed that the decrease of P_n resulted from the decrease of F_v /F_o and rETR,which finally resulted in decreased production of spring maize. Therefore,the optimal field moistures for these two spring maize cultivars were >60%,>70%,>75%,>80% and >65% for the growing stages V6, V12,R1,R3 and R5,respectively,to obtain a high yield in the oasis region.
中文关键词	玉米 ; 滴灌 ; 土壤墒度 ; 光合 ; 产量
英文关键词	maize drip irrigation soil moisture photosynthesis yield
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	BIOLOGY
WOS研究方向	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5769034
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/235249
作者单位	1.新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所, 农业部作物高效用水石河子科学观测实验站, 石河子, 新疆 832000, 中国; 2.新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所, 石河子, 新疆 832000, 中国; 3.农业部作物高效用水石河子科学观测实验站, 农业部作物高效用水石河子科学观测实验站, 石河子, 新疆 832000, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王国栋,陈云,梁飞,等. 控墒补灌对新疆春玉米产量和穗叶光合特性的影响[J],2016,27(8):2499-2506.
APA	王国栋,陈云,梁飞,张磊,郭斌,&曾胜和.(2016).控墒补灌对新疆春玉米产量和穗叶光合特性的影响.应用生态学报,27(8),2499-2506.
MLA	王国栋,et al."控墒补灌对新疆春玉米产量和穗叶光合特性的影响".应用生态学报 27.8(2016):2499-2506.