干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 旧膜处理方式对旱田胡麻土壤温热状况及产量的调控研究

Arid

	旧膜处理方式对旱田胡麻土壤温热状况及产量的调控研究
其他题名	Regulation of Soil Temperature and Yield in Oil Flax Dryland under Different Patterns for Used Plastic Film
	吴兵 1; 谢亚萍 2; 高玉红 2; 剡斌 2; 牛俊义 3; 李锦萍 4
来源期刊	土壤通报
ISSN	0564-3945
出版年	2016
卷号	47 期号:4 页码:889-896
中文摘要	为探索旧膜再利用后旱地胡麻温热利用增产机理,在大田环境下,分析了旧膜直播(T1)、旧膜覆土直播(T2)、旧膜秸秆双重覆盖播种(T3)、春天揭旧膜覆新膜播种(T4)、秋后整地覆新膜春天播种(T5)及露地播种(T6,CK)6种处理方式下,旱地胡麻土壤温度时空变化特征、生育进程差异及其与籽粒产量形成的关系。结果表明:全地膜覆盖作物收获后旧膜继续留至翌年,仍具有热量的均衡补偿和显著的增温效应,生育进程加快,产量构成因子形成得到有效保证。不同旧膜再利用方式对胡麻生育期内土壤温度及生育时期天数的影响均呈现在播种-现蕾期,处理间土层温度增温效应的差异为T4、T5> T1、T2、T3> T6,随生育时期推进及土层加深影响逐渐减弱,播种、苗期在15 cm土层内,枞形期上移至10 cm土层,播种-现蕾期天数T4、T5、T1、T2和T3分别较T6缩短12.4 d、12.6 d、6.5 d、3.9 d和7.7 d。全生育期5 cm、10 cm土层总有效积温为:T5、T4> T2、T1、T3> T6,各处理较T6增幅为43.49 ℃~ 253.65 ℃,5 cm、10 cm土层有效积温均与播种-现蕾期天数、全生育期天数呈现明显的负相关。2年度籽粒产量均以T4最高,显著高于对照,分别达1509.52 kg hm~(-2)和1024.95 kg hm~(-2),其余依次为T5、T1、T2、T3,平均产量较对照分别增加112.44%、88.84%、86.70%和62.98%。可见,当季作物收获后旧膜留置田间,翌年播前除旧膜覆新膜方式可作为旱区作物节本增效的适宜参考模式。
英文摘要	Field experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanism of production increase of oil flax under different disposal patterns of used plastic films in field and in arid areas. The study compared the influences of 6 disposal patterns of used plastic film on soil temperature variation, growing process difference and yield formation in oil flax dryland. The 6 patterns included field-kept film and no-tillage sowing the next year (T1); field-kept film, earth mulching and no-tillage sowing the next year (T2); field-kept film, straw mulching the current year and no-tillage sowing after straw clearing the next year (T3); field-kept film replaced with new plastic film and no-tillage sowing the next year (T4); film collection, land preparation, new plastic film mulching just after harvest and sowing the next year(T5); and collected just after crop harvest, land reparation and no-mulch sowing the next year (T6, control). The results showed that keeping used plastic films in fields till the next year had the same effect on soil temperature and thermal compensation as film mulching, which promoted the growth stages and ensured the yield components accumulation. The effect of different disposal patterns of used films on soil temperature and growth period all appeared in sowing stage to budding stage. The difference in temperature effect among six treatments was following the order of T4, T5 > T1, T2, T3 > T6. The effects of reused film on soil temperature declined with growth processing and soil layer deepening. This effect was presented at 15 cm soil depth in sowing stage to seedling stage, but at 10 cm soil depth in momi fir pattern stage. Sowing to budding stage days in T4, T5, T1, T2 and T3 decreased by 12.4 d, 12.6 d, 6.5 d, 3.9 d and 7.7 d over T6, respectively. Total effective accumulated temperature at 5 cm, 10 cm soil layer was decreased in the order of T5, T4 > T2, T1, T3 > T6, and negative correlations appeared between sowing to budding stage days and whole growth days. Increase range of total effective accumulated temperature in T5, T4, T2, T1 and T3 treatments amounted to 43.49 ℃-253.65 ℃ over T6 treatment. Treatment T4 had the highest grain yield with 1509.52 kg hm~(-2) and 1024.95 kg hm~(-2) in two years. And average yield in treatment T5, T1, T2 and T3 increased, respectively, by 112.44%, 88.84%, 86.70% and 62.98% compared with CK. Therefore, the study recommended T4 as the most appropriate tillage practice in high-yield and cost-saving of oil flax production. However, optimal reuse pattern of used plastic film also needed to consider the local physical conditions and the selection of disposal method.
中文关键词	马尾松 ; 次生林 ; 火干扰 ; 土壤 ; 多环芳烃
英文关键词	Oil flax Disposal patterns of used plastic film Soil temperature Growth period Yield
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	FORESTRY
WOS研究方向	Forestry
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5849880
来源机构	甘肃农业大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/235079
作者单位	1.甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院, 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国; 2.甘肃农业大学农学院, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国; 3.甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国; 4.青海师范大学生命与地理科学学院, 西宁, 青海 810008, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	吴兵,谢亚萍,高玉红,等. 旧膜处理方式对旱田胡麻土壤温热状况及产量的调控研究[J]. 甘肃农业大学,2016,47(4):889-896.
APA	吴兵,谢亚萍,高玉红,剡斌,牛俊义,&李锦萍.(2016).旧膜处理方式对旱田胡麻土壤温热状况及产量的调控研究.土壤通报,47(4),889-896.
MLA	吴兵,et al."旧膜处理方式对旱田胡麻土壤温热状况及产量的调控研究".土壤通报 47.4(2016):889-896.