干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 种子老化的生理生化与分子机理研究进展

Arid

	种子老化的生理生化与分子机理研究进展
其他题名	Review of the physiological and biochemical reactions and molecular mechanisms of seed aging
	刘娟; 归静; 高伟; 马俊峰; 王佺珍
来源期刊	生态学报
ISSN	1000-0933
出版年	2016
卷号	36 期号:16 页码:4997-5006
中文摘要	种子作为植物遗传资源的有效保存体以及重要的种质创新原料,其老化或者劣变将直接导致发芽率、活力、生活力降低,抑制种胚正常发育以及幼苗生长,由此造成植物生产水平及其品质大幅下降。这也将进一步涉及因种质资源匮乏、土壤种子库系统功能紊乱所引发的全球生物多样性减小、草地退化和荒漠化加剧等生态危机问题。对种子老化生理生化特性和分子机理等研究进行了综述。总结了近年来关于种子老化涉及的理化反应包括保护酶活性的改变、核酸以及蛋白质的分解、内源激素的消长、质膜完整性降低等相关研究; 并从蛋白代谢、核酸代谢、种子含水量以及基因重组等多角度总结和阐述了与老化机理有关的最新研究观点,以期为种子老化、种子活力修复和种子寿命延长等机理研究提供基础理论参考。目前对种子老化的研究多集中于传统的生理生化过程和内外影响因子相对独立变化的片段性研究,缺乏系统综合的多层面体系研究。种子作为生命体,随着探讨生命衰老机理的生物技术日新月异,通过蛋白组学、酶学、基因工程技术、转录组测序等新技术的应用,必将对未来种子老化机理机制的揭示有突破性推进作用。
英文摘要	Seeds undoubtedly play an essential role in the storage of germplasm resources preserved both to facilitate the preservation of rare species and genetic innovation. However,the negative effects of seed aging and deterioration on crop yield and quality,which negatively affects the germination rate,seed vigor and viability,embryo growth,and seedling emergence of future generations of seeds,has become a cause of increasing concern. In addition,problems associated with seed aging can also accelerate the loss of global biodiversity,grassland degradation,and desertification,because of the poor quality germplasm and dysfunction of the soil seed bank. This article summarizes current research on the physiological characteristics of naturally and artificially aged seeds and their various intrinsic chemical alterations,including their protective enzymatic activity,nucleic acid and protein content,endogenous hormones,and plasma membrane integrity. We also comprehensively interpret advances in research on the aging mechanism,including aspects of protein and nucleotide metabolism,seed moisture content,and genetic recombination. This work is intended to provide a theoretical reference for future exploration of seed aging,and insight into potential repair and lifespan elongation methods. (1) Seed moisture content should be a focus of future studies,because the biophysical status and quantity of the water in aged seeds determine the different pathways of seed death or deterioration. Furthermore,activation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) can significantly accelerate the aging process,particularly when seeds are hydrated,as this endows them with mobility and increases biological activity. In addition,ROS play a positive role as intracellular signaling molecules in seed germination and other physiological processes. Thus,real-time,continuous,and qualitative-quantitative analyses and monitoring of the ROS distribution in different embryo components may help to reveal the comprehensive and multiple functions of ROS during seed aging. Moreover,as mitochondria have been well established as the main organelle via which to detect ROS accumulation,detailed examinations of their physiological changes before and after aging (naturally and artificially induced) may provide a more specific target for the study of PCD (Programmed Cell Death) occurring during seed aging.(2) Enzymatic or non-enzymatic reactions can result in seed aging. Thus,observing and regulating the metabolism and signal transduction pathways of biological enzymes accelerating the aging process at the proteomics,transcriptional,and gene recombination levels could be a promising strategy for future seed aging research. Relevant enzymes include PLD(Phospholipases D) and LOX (lipoxygenase) . Therefore,comparing the physiological and biochemical changes,from aspects of matter and energy metabolism,redox potential,protein expression,and nucleic acid metabolism,involved in different parts of the aged seeds (hypocotyl,cotyledon,endosperm) ,and different periods of aging process (aged in the early,middle,late) is a necessity to gain a better understanding of aging mechanism. Nevertheless,current attention has mostly been on traditional and fragmentary reaction procedures as well as the internal and external factors that influence the aging process. Some perspective studies,which are more systematic and multidimensional,may facilitate the development of targeted research on seed aging. This in turn could prompt the development of biotechnological advances for organismal biology and the seed aging mechanism.
中文关键词	种子 ; 衰老 ; 生理改变 ; 研究进展
英文关键词	seed aging physiological alterations research progress
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRONOMY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5794245
来源机构	西北农林科技大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/234803
作者单位	西北农林科技大学动物科技学院, 杨陵, 712100
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	刘娟,归静,高伟,等. 种子老化的生理生化与分子机理研究进展[J]. 西北农林科技大学,2016,36(16):4997-5006.
APA	刘娟,归静,高伟,马俊峰,&王佺珍.(2016).种子老化的生理生化与分子机理研究进展.生态学报,36(16),4997-5006.
MLA	刘娟,et al."种子老化的生理生化与分子机理研究进展".生态学报 36.16(2016):4997-5006.