干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 野放普氏野马(Equus przewalskii)家域面积及其影响

Arid

	野放普氏野马(Equus przewalskii)家域面积及其影响
其他题名	Factors affecting the home range of reintroduced Equus przewalskii in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve
	王渊 1; 初红军 1; 韩丽丽 1; 陶永善 2; 布兰 2; 刘钊 3; 蒋志刚 3
来源期刊	生态学报
ISSN	1000-0933
出版年	2016
卷号	36 期号:2 页码:545-553
中文摘要	采用MCP方法研究了2011年至2012年新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区野放普氏野马家域的变化。通过方差分析验证了年间、季节间不同群体家域及其两两重叠无差异。以家族群大小为协变量进行了野放野马家域协方差分析。利用野放野马家族大小为协变量的协方差分析分析检验了野放野马家族大小与家域关系。结果表明:(1)野马平均家域面积由2011年的(202) km~2/匹扩大到2012年的(302) km~2/匹。对部分野放群体中头马未发生更替的野马群的研究表明,随着野马群体增大,其家域面积显著增大(P<0.05)。(2)单因素方差分析显示,不同野马群的家域面积在不同年份差异显著,且春季家域>秋季家域>夏季家域。(3)2011年不同群家域两两间相互重叠面积与群大小无显著相关(r= 0.256,P=0.580>0.05)。而2012年野马群家域两两之间重叠面积有显著差异(F=4.521,df=8,P<0.001)。家域两两相互重叠面积与群大小显著相关(r= 0.706,P= 0.033<0.05)。(4)不同季节间野马群家域重叠面积有显著差异(F=5.695,df=8,P<0.001)。5号群、7号群和8号群的自身家域重叠面积(P<0.05),3号群、6号群和9号群的家域重叠面积(P<0.05)。(5)影响野放野马家域面积的生物因子有草本盖度、灌木盖度,非生物因子主要有温度、湿度、风速、最近水源地距离和最近居民点距离等。温度与草本盖度是影响野放野马家域面积大小的主要因素,两者与野放野马家域面积显著相关(P<0.01)。
英文摘要	The number of Przewalski’s horses (Equus przewalskii) released increased from 84 in 2011 to 96 in 2012 in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve. We characterized the home ranges of released Przewalski’s horses and studied the factors affecting the ranges. The home ranges were calculated using the minimum convex polygon (MCP) method. We used a nested ANOVA to determine whether there were differences between home ranges, and regions of overlap between two home ranges of wild horses among seasons and years. We also used family size as a covariate to test the impact of family size on home ranges using ANCOVA. We found the following results: (1) the home ranges of released Przewalski’s horses increased in area from (202) km~2(meanSE) in 2011 to (302) km~2 in 2012. The home ranges of families with the same head stallion did not change significantly between 2011 and 2012 (P<0.05). (2) ANOVA indicated that home ranges differed significantly among families. The home ranges of horse families were significantly different, were larger in the spring than in the autumn,and were the smallest in the summer. (3) The area of home range overlap between pairs of wild horses was not correlated with family size (r=0.256,P = 0.580) in 2011. However, the area of overlap between pairs of wild horses was correlated with family size in 2012 (F=4.521,df=8,P<0.001). Home range overlap and family size were significantly positively correlated (r= 0.706,P = 0.033). (4) Regions of home range overlap between wild horses were significantly different among seasons (F=5.695,df=8,P<0.001). The regions of overlap in seasonal home ranges for families 5,7,and 8 were significantly larger (P<0.05) than those for families 3,6,and 9 (P<0.05). (5) The main biological factors that affected the home range of wild horses were herb coverage and shrub coverage, and the non-biological factors were mainly temperature,humidity,wind,the shortest distance to a water source,and distance to the nearest human settlement. Temperature and shrub cover were two major factors that influenced the home ranges of reintroduced Przewalski’s horses, and both factors were significantly correlated with the home range areas of wild horses (P<0.01). Domestic research on wildlife home ranges has been interdisciplinary in nature, and previous investigations have led to the progressive development of large-scale multidisciplinary studies. Furthermore, research tools have advanced from records of single manual observations to computer-based methods, including 3S technology (i.e., RS,GPS, and GIS). Estimates of home range sizes can help researchers determine wildlife habitat preferences, and 3S technology is widely used to protect wildlife. Finally the methods for calculating home ranges of wild animals are becoming more diverse. Przewalski’s horses are a flagship species for biodiversity in the Junggar Basin. Their reintroduction has attracted widespread interest at home and abroad. At the end of 2012,the number of reintroduced Przewalski’s horses increased to 96 (from 84 in the previous year). Therefore, it is necessary to study changes in the home range of wild Przewalski’s horses in detail in order to provide scientific guidance for the protection of wildlife in protected areas as well as in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve desert region of Xinjiang, China.
中文关键词	野放普氏野马 ; 家域 ; 卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区 ; 重引入
英文关键词	introduced Przewalski’s horses home ranges Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve reintroduction
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	BIOLOGY
WOS研究方向	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5618701
来源机构	新疆大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/234745
作者单位	1.新疆大学资源与环境科学学院, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830046, 中国; 2.新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区阿勒泰管理站, Altay, 836500; 3.中国科学院动物研究所, 北京 100101, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王渊,初红军,韩丽丽,等. 野放普氏野马(Equus przewalskii)家域面积及其影响[J]. 新疆大学,2016,36(2):545-553.
APA	王渊.,初红军.,韩丽丽.,陶永善.,布兰.,...&蒋志刚.(2016).野放普氏野马(Equus przewalskii)家域面积及其影响.生态学报,36(2),545-553.
MLA	王渊,et al."野放普氏野马(Equus przewalskii)家域面积及其影响".生态学报 36.2(2016):545-553.