干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 浅层填沙滴灌种植枸杞改良龟裂碱土重度盐碱荒地研究

Arid

	浅层填沙滴灌种植枸杞改良龟裂碱土重度盐碱荒地研究
其他题名	Amelioration of High Saline-sodic Wasteland of Takyric Solonetz by Cropping Lycium barbarum L. with Drip Irrigation and Shallow Sand-filled Niches
	张体彬 1; 展小云 2; 康跃虎 3; 万书勤 3; 冯浩 4
来源期刊	农业机械学报
ISSN	1000-1298
出版年	2016
卷号	47 期号:10 页码:139-149
中文摘要	龟裂碱土重度盐碱荒地主要分布在我国西北旱区,其土壤碱化度高、结构差、导水率低是制约其改良利用的关键因素。通过在滴头下方设置沙穴,探索在滴灌条件下种植枸杞的方式改良利用该盐碱荒地的可行性。通过设置-5kPa(S1)、-10kPa(S2)、-15kPa(S3)、-20kPa(S4)和-25kPa(S5)5个不同土壤基质势控制灌水下限处理,寻求最优的滴灌灌溉制度。结果表明,种植后土壤水分入渗性能得到显著改善,滴头下湿润区域面积不断增大,逐渐形成一个脱盐区(EC_e <4dS/m)。控制较高的土壤基质势下限,有利于土壤盐分的淋洗。滴灌种植后土壤的EC_e/SAR_e显著增加,说明土壤盐分组成特征发生变化,土壤物理性质得到改善;土壤速效养分含量显著增加,其中硝态氮表现出较强的随水迁移性,存在淋失风险,而速效磷随水迁移性弱,主要积累在0~20cm深度内。种植3a之后,S1成活率最低(56.8%),S3最高(81.1%),而S2、S3和S4产量显著高于其他处理(p<0.05),三者之间差异不显著,均为900kg/hm~2左右,达到当地良田水平。结合土壤水盐特征、养分分布及枸杞生长等各方面因素,可以通过在滴头下设置沙穴滴灌种植枸杞的方式改良龟裂碱土重度盐碱荒地,并在种植前2a控制土壤基质势下限为-10kPa,从第3年改为-20kPa。
英文摘要	Takyric solonetz is spread mainly in arid area, Northwest China. Its poor soil structure and extremely low hydraulic conductivities (K_s < 0.1 mm/d) are the key factors restricting its amelioration. The EC_e (electrical conductivity of saturated paste extract), SAR_e (sodium adsorption ratio of saturated paste extract), and pH_s (pH of saturated paste) of the native soil studied at depth of 0~30cm were 12.30dS/m, 44.12 (mmol/L)~(0.5) and 9.33, respectively. After deep tillage, beds (1.0m width, 0.5m height) were formed. The drip lines were placed on beds covered with plastic. Lycium barbarum L. seedlings were then planted. A three-year field experiment was conducted to determine if reclamation could be achieved while cropping Lycium barbarum L. by using drip irrigation where soil beneath the drip emitters near the plants was replaced with sand in niches that were 0.2m ground diameter and 0.2m depth. The purpose of sand-filled niche was to increase the area over which infiltration of water occured thereby reducing the application rates to values that more closely matched the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the native soil, provide a reservoir for holding the applied water before it infiltrated and avoid the adversely mechanical impact and the stirring action of applied water on soil surface. Five treatments based on soil matric potential (SMP) thresholds used to trigger drip irrigation were designed to find the optimal drip irrigation schedule, i.e., -5kPa (S1), -10kPa (S2), -15kPa (S3), -20kPa (S4) and -25kPa (S5). The results showed that significant improvement was achieved in soil infiltration capability, which was demonstrated by the increasingly enlarged wetted area beneath the drip emitter. Consequently, a desalt region (EC_e < 4dS/m) was formed, and high SMP level was favorable for the salt-leaching in soil. The ratio of EC_e/SAR_e was increased significantly after planting, which indicated the changes of soil salt composition characteristics and the amelioration of soil physical properties. After planting with drip irrigation, the contents of soil available nutrients were increased sharply. Nitrate nitrogen showed a high migration with water movement, and had potential to be lost by leaching, so nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in the later period during one irrigation event to reduce the leaching of nitrogen and raise fertilizer use efficiency. While available phosphorus was distributed mainly in depth of 0~20cm under drip emitter, due to its low migration with water. After three years experiment, S1 had the lowest survival rate (56.8%), and S3 got the highest (81.1%), S2, S3 and S4 gave higher fruit yields than other treatments significantly (p<0.05), which was around 900kg/hm~2, and it was close to the level in local farmland. The findings indicated that a sand-filled niche beneath the drip emitter could be adopted for the reclamation of highly saline-sodic wasteland of takyric solonetz. Considering the factors, including soil water-salt properties, soil nutrients distribution and the growth of Lycium barbarum L., an SMP of -10kPa in the first two years and -20kPa from the third year could be used to trigger drip irrigation.
中文关键词	龟裂碱土 ; 滴灌 ; 水分调控 ; 土壤基质势 ; 盐分淋洗 ; 枸杞
英文关键词	takyric solonetz drip irrigation water regulation soil matric potential salt leaching Lycium barbarum L.
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5829767
来源机构	中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 ; 西北农林科技大学 ; 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/234667
作者单位	1.西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术研究中心, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国; 2.西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国; 3.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 中国科学院陆地水循环与地表过程重点实验室, 北京 100101, 中国; 4.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术研究中心, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张体彬,展小云,康跃虎,等. 浅层填沙滴灌种植枸杞改良龟裂碱土重度盐碱荒地研究[J]. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 西北农林科技大学, 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,2016,47(10):139-149.
APA	张体彬,展小云,康跃虎,万书勤,&冯浩.(2016).浅层填沙滴灌种植枸杞改良龟裂碱土重度盐碱荒地研究.农业机械学报,47(10),139-149.
MLA	张体彬,et al."浅层填沙滴灌种植枸杞改良龟裂碱土重度盐碱荒地研究".农业机械学报 47.10(2016):139-149.