干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 加气滴灌提高大棚甜瓜品质及灌溉水分利用效率

Arid

	加气滴灌提高大棚甜瓜品质及灌溉水分利用效率
其他题名	Aerated irrigation enhancing quality and irrigation water use efficiency of muskmelon in plastic greenhouse
	李元 1; 牛文全 1; 许健 1; 张若婵 2; 王京伟 1; 张明智 2
来源期刊	农业工程学报
ISSN	1002-6819
出版年	2016
卷号	32 期号:1 页码:147-154
中文摘要	为揭示加气频率和滴灌带埋深等对甜瓜产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响,以甜瓜(陕甜一号)为研究对象,采用追加正交试验设计,研究不同加气频率、地下滴灌带埋深及灌水控制上限对大棚甜瓜果实形态、产量、品质及灌溉水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:对果实形态、品质及产量影响的大小顺序依次为加气频率、滴灌带埋深和灌水控制上限。对水分利用效率的影响大小顺序依次为灌水控制上限、加气频率和滴灌带埋深。根区加气能够显著改善果实产量及品质,滴灌带埋深为25 cm,每天加气1次品质及果实形态指标最好,产量最高。灌水量控制在田间持水量的80%时,果实可溶性固形物含量最高,但灌水量为70%田间持水量时,可溶性总糖、产量、水分利用效率最高。综合考虑,最优处理组合为滴灌带埋深25 cm,每天通气一次,灌水控制上限为70%田间持水量。
英文摘要	It is plagued by poor quality and low yields that muskmelon production in the semi-arid climate in China. In addition to soil water, it is well-known that muskmelon plant roots require an adequate and continuous supply of soil air in order to respire, grow, develop, and function normally. Rhizosphere hypoxia effects influence crop yield, shoot and root growth, and quality of production negatively. Hypoxia causes stomatal closure and reduction in transpiration rate, photosynthesis and leaf chlorophyll as well as protein content. Artificial aeration has been shown to promote root metabolism and growth, also it enhanced nutrient absorption and soil redoxase enzyme activity as well as accelerated the growth and yield of vegetables. In this context, under sub-surface drip irrigation, in the wetted portion of the root zone, the possibility of hypoxia is almost certain, especially in heavy soils with slow internal drainage and during the period immediately after irrigation. It was hypothesized that varying the irrigation rate, aeration frequencies and amount along with the depth of the drip irrigation tubing would result in different yield and quality of muskmelon. To explore the influence of root zone aeration frequency, lateral depths of subsurface drip irrigation belt and irrigation amount on fruit yield, quality and irrigation water were used efficiency of muskmelon. The experiment was implemented from April to July 2014 in a 108 m long and 8 m wide greenhouse (E108°02’, N34°17’), located, at Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China. A fractional factorial experiment was designed to study the root system responding to 3 levels of sub-surface drip irrigation in combination with drip-tubing placed at each of 3 depths in the soil, and 4 levels of artificial soil aeration. Based on wetting the soil volume (Vs) in 0.60 cm of the soil profile (V_s = 5.5 m~2*0.6 m), the irrigation levels were designated as 70%, 80%, and 90% of the gravimetric field capacity, and the drip irrigation placement depths were 10, 25, and 40 cm below the surface of the ridge. Artificial aeration treatments were none or aeration at daily, 2-day, and 4-day intervals. The volume of air in each plot was injected into the drip tubing via a manifold connected to the air compressor. These studies suggest that according to the influence degree on fruit shape(fruit length, diameter and flesh thickness), yield and quality(total soluble solids, soluble protein, titratable acid, soluble sugar and vitamin C content), these factors can be arranged as follow(descending): aeration frequencies, depths of subsurface drip irrigation, irrigation amount; for the use of irrigation water use efficiency of muskmelon. Aeration was suggested to be applied once a day and lateral depths of subsurface drip irrigation was 25 cm, which have positive impact on muskmelon yield, quality (total soluble solids, soluble protein, titratable acid, soluble sugar and vitamin C content), fruit shape(fruit length, diameter and flesh thickness) and irrigation water use efficiency. The content of total soluble solid can reach the maximum when water soil content attended to 80% of the field capacity; the content of total soluble sugar, yield and irrigation water use efficiency can reach the maximum when irrigation amount attended to 70% of the field capacity. Therefore, based on production, quality and water use efficiency, aerating once a day, lateral depth was 25 cm and 70% field capacity would be the most appropriate treatment combination for starting irrigation grows of muskmelon in the plastic greenhouse. For the observed responses, the information on how the muskmelon adapt to artificial soil aeration would provide guidance for field production practices as well as indications of possible mechanisms.
中文关键词	灌溉 ; 土壤 ; 品质控制 ; 甜瓜 ; 根区加气 ; 地下滴灌 ; 产量 ; 灌溉水分利用效率
英文关键词	irrigation soils quality control muskmelon rhizosphere aeration subsurface drip irrigation yield irrigation water use efficiency
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5616358
来源机构	西北农林科技大学 ; 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/234582
作者单位	1.西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 杨凌, 712100; 2.西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 杨凌, 712100
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李元,牛文全,许健,等. 加气滴灌提高大棚甜瓜品质及灌溉水分利用效率[J]. 西北农林科技大学, 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,2016,32(1):147-154.
APA	李元,牛文全,许健,张若婵,王京伟,&张明智.(2016).加气滴灌提高大棚甜瓜品质及灌溉水分利用效率.农业工程学报,32(1),147-154.
MLA	李元,et al."加气滴灌提高大棚甜瓜品质及灌溉水分利用效率".农业工程学报 32.1(2016):147-154.