干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 我国蒙新区、青藏区马胃蝇多样性及感染分析

Arid

	我国蒙新区、青藏区马胃蝇多样性及感染分析
其他题名	Diversity and Infection of Gasterophilus spp. in Mongol-Xinjiang Region and Qinghai Tibet Region
	王文婷 1; 肖洒 1; 黄河清 1; 李凯 1; 张东 1; 初红军 2; 国有清 3; 高万里 4
来源期刊	林业科学
ISSN	1001-7488
出版年	2016
卷号	52 期号:2 页码:134-139
中文摘要	【目的】研究新疆、内蒙、青海3个地区的草原、荒漠草原和高寒草原马胃蝇蛆病的发生情况、感染多样性和区系组成。【方法】采用伊维菌素于同一年冬季分别对蒙新区的新疆卡拉麦里有蹄类自然保护区普氏野马、内蒙古多伦县当地家马以及青藏区的青海省玛多县当地家马进行驱虫,对获取的马胃蝇数量、种类进行调查和分析。【结果】1)马胃蝇蛆病发生普遍,感染率在3个地区马科动物中均为100%,感染程度有明显的地域性:蒙新区重于青藏区;新疆卡拉麦里有蹄类自然保护区马胃蝇感染数量显著高于同区的内蒙古多伦县,后者的感染量明显高于青藏区的玛多县; 2)同属于蒙新区的新疆卡拉麦里有蹄类自然保护区和内蒙古多伦县具有相同的马胃蝇种类,所涉及的6个种(黑腹胃蝇、鼻胃蝇、肠胃蝇、黑角胃蝇、红尾胃蝇和裸节胃蝇)均为我国现有记录种;而属于青藏区的青海玛多县马胃蝇调查到2个种(黑腹胃蝇和鼻胃蝇);卡拉麦里与多伦县的马胃蝇组分相似性指数为1,二者与玛多县的相似性指数均为0.33; 3)多伦县的马胃蝇多样性指数(H’= 1.31)显著大于玛多县(H’= 0.23)以及新疆卡拉麦里(H’= 0.21);宿主感染马胃蝇的均匀度指数(J)同样为多伦县(0.73)最高,其次为玛多县(0.34),卡拉麦里(0.12)最低; 4)黑腹胃蝇为卡拉麦里和玛多县马胃蝇的绝对优势种,分别占这2个地区采样总量的96.17%和93.17%;而在多伦县,肠胃蝇感染率最高(52.40%),其次为鼻胃蝇(23.80%),二者成为该地区的马胃蝇优势种。【结论】1)蒙新区的马胃蝇种类较青藏区丰富; 2)多伦县具有丰富的马胃蝇类群; 3)马胃蝇多样性受宿主所在环境条件影响,蒙新区和青藏区马胃蝇物种的差异与2个地区巨大的自然条件差异有直接关系;干旱、荒漠以及高寒等恶劣生境下马胃蝇多样性低,其原因为某单一物种数量过大新疆或物种数少(青海); 4)黑腹胃蝇具有成功适应严酷生境的生存方式,黑腹胃蝇在干旱荒漠以及高寒环境感染量均占马胃蝇感染量的90%以上,与其与众不同的传播方式将卵产于草上污染草场有着密切的联系。
英文摘要	【Objective】A survey of infection in equids Gasterophilus spp. was conducted in Inner Mongol-Xinjiang region and Qinghai Tibet region in order to examine the infection diversity and parasitic characteristics of Gasterophilosis epidemic in the three regions. 【Method】Equids in the Kalamaili Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,and Duolun,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in Mongol-Xinjiang region,Maduo,Qinghai Province in Qinghai Tibet region were treated with ivermectin to investigate and analyze the number and species of Gasterophilus spp. in the desert,desert-steppe and cold alpine steppe of these regions in the same winter. 【Result】1) Infection with Gasterophilus larvae was very common in horses in all these regions with an infection rate of 100%. 2) Gasterophilus spp. infecting the horses in both Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia belonged to six species of the genus,including G. pecorum,G. nasalis,G. intestinalis,G. nigricornis, G. haemorrhoidalis and G. inermis,which have been all reported in China,while only two species of the genus (G. pecorum and G. nasalis) were found in Qinghai. The component similarity index of Gasterophilus spp. was 1 (Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia), 0.33 (Xinjiang and Qinghai) and 0.33 (Inner Mongolia and Qinghai), respectively. 3) Shannon-Wiener index of Gasterophilus spp. that infected hosts was 1.31 in Duolun,Inner Mongolia,significantly higher than Maduo,Qinghai(0.23) and Kalamaili,Xinjiang (0.21), which also being part of Mongol-Xinjiang region. The evenness index of Gasterophilus spp. that infected hosts was highest in Duolun,Inner Mongolia (0.73), followed by that in Maduo,Qinghai (0.34), and lowest in Kalamaili,Xinjiang (0.12). This indicated a wider variety of Gasterophilus spp. species in Duolun,Inner Mongolia. 4) G. pecorum accounted for 96.17% and 93.17% of the larvae in Kalamaili, Xinjiang and Maduo,Qinghai,respectively,and was absolutely the dominant species in these two regions,while G. intestinalis (infection rate was 52.40%) and G. nasalis (infection rate was 23.80%) were the dominant species in Duolun,Inner Mongolia. 【Conclusion】1) The intensity of infection in Mongol-Xinjiang region was higher than that in Qinghai Tibet region. 2) More species were found in Mongol-Xinjiang region than Qinghai Tibet region. 3) The diversity of Gasterophilus spp. was influenced by the environmental conditions of its hosts. There would be a direct relationship between the differences of Gasterophilus species in Mongol-Xinjiang region and Qinghai Tibet region and the big differences of natural conditions of the two regions. Lower diversity was discovered under harsh conditions because there was oversize in some individual species or the small number of species. 4) G. pecorum would have successful reproductive strategies that adapts to the harsh environmental conditions. The prevalence of G. pecorum infection was more than 90% in both desert-steppe and cold alpine environment,and this might be closely related with its unique mode of transmission that laid eggs on grass and contaminated the pasture.
中文关键词	马胃蝇 ; 感染率 ; 多样性 ; 蒙新区 ; 青藏区
英文关键词	Gasterophilus spp. infection rate diversity Mongol-Xinjiang region Qinghai Tibet region
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	FORESTRY
WOS研究方向	Forestry
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5672108
来源机构	北京林业大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/234556
作者单位	1.北京林业大学自然保护区学院, 北京 100083, 中国; 2.新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区阿勒泰管理站, 阿勒泰, 836500; 3.内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗青山林场, 赤峰, 内蒙古 025366, 中国; 4.青海省林业厅, 西宁, 青海 810008, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王文婷,肖洒,黄河清,等. 我国蒙新区、青藏区马胃蝇多样性及感染分析[J]. 北京林业大学,2016,52(2):134-139.
APA	王文婷.,肖洒.,黄河清.,李凯.,张东.,...&高万里.(2016).我国蒙新区、青藏区马胃蝇多样性及感染分析.林业科学,52(2),134-139.
MLA	王文婷,et al."我国蒙新区、青藏区马胃蝇多样性及感染分析".林业科学 52.2(2016):134-139.