干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 苹果早果矮化砧木新品种Y-2的选育

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	苹果早果矮化砧木新品种Y-2的选育
其他题名	Breeding ofY-2, a early-fruiting and dwarfing rootstock for apple
	杨廷桢 1; 王骞 1; 弓桂花 1; 高敬东 1; 蔡华成 1; 李春燕 1; 杜学梅 1; 武彦霞 1; 高忠东 2; 王淑婷 1
来源期刊	果树学报
ISSN	1009-9980
出版年	2016
卷号	33 期号:12 页码:1584-1587
中文摘要	Y-2是采用大群体实生选育方法,从15万株晋西北野生山定子自然实生苗中选育的早果矮化苹果砧木, 2016年1月通过品种审定。对Y系初选、复选优系嫁接品种的早花性状、树体生长量、果实品质、抗逆性表现等指标进行综合评价,结果表明:(1)Y-2作中间砧嫁接品种早花早果特性突出,果树童期明显缩短,比乔砧果树提早3~4 a开花;(2)矮化效果明显,嫁接长富2号丹霞品种表现为极矮化,嫁接嘎拉表现矮化,综合评价为矮化砧木,生产中适宜高密栽植,也可作为果树盆景的专用砧木;(3)抗寒、抗旱性强,且具有一定的抗腐烂病能力;(4)嫁接栽培品种亲和性好,适宜在黄土高原或类似气候的苹果产区栽植。
英文摘要	Using dwarf rootstocks for high density planting has many advantages, such as early fruiting, high yield, top fruit quality, easy to mechanical work, convenient to standardized and efficient production, etc, has become a trend and direction of development of world apple production, while The dwarfing rootstock is the main way to achieve dwarf and high density apple cultivation, many countries had more focused on rootstocks research than varieties since then. At present, the apple production of the most widely used M series, MM series, etc. rootstocks in China, some problems had been found in the past years, such as poor compatibility with the varieties, weak cold and drought resistance ability, not suitable for a wide range, tree lodging, etc. These limited the effect of dwarf rootstock. Therefore, based on the Malus baccata (L.) Borkh., containing abundant wild apple rootstocks resistant germplasm resources, in Shanxi province, China, with large groups of seedling breeding method, breeding and suitable for the Loess Plateau in northwest arid, dry areas planted with new varieties of rootstock independent intellectual property rights, have great significance to the sustainable development of the apple industry.Y-2dwarfing rootstock was derived from Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. in Northwest of Shanxi province, China. After several years of evaluation, it had some traits as follows: First, it had flowering and fruiting ability earlier 3 to 4 year than the standard rootstock, yields ofFujiin the fourth year were 6 000 kg·hm~(-2) by the spaceing of 1.5 m4 m, but output was zero from the common northwest Shanxi baccata. Second, GraftingFujiDanxiaand Galaas interstock, six-year old tree height were standard rootstocks 48.46%, 37.68% and 61.23%, belonged to extrem-dwarfing rootstock when graftingFujiDanxia, but belonged to dwarfing rootstock when graftingGala, the overall evaluation was dwarfing rootstock. Third, it had strong cold, drought and disease resistance, good compatibility, excellent fruit quality than the standard rootstock.Y-2rootstock was adapted to the Loess Plateau or the regions with similar climate, but should be carefully used in saline area. Because of its weak rooting, usuallyY-2were used as interstock in production, and the interstock length was about 20 cm.Y-2dwarfing rootstock showed a high value in apple cultivation by many regional trials, especially suitable for high fertilizer orchards or using to planting bonsai culture. It can for high density planting by the spaceing of 1-1.5 m3.5-4 m, the suitable planting were 1 650 to 2 850 trees per hm2. Pollination trees must be utilized which were planted every line or single seedling about 15 percent of the wholeY-2orchards. The trunk of tree usedY-2interstock should be maintained 1 to 1.2 meters with spindle or small canopy shape, based mainly in the summer pruning including engraved bud, twisted tip, bent branches, and other measures, while opened the light path by thinning in winter pruning. It was similar to common orchards such as fertilizer and water management, fruit management, disease and pest control, etc.
中文关键词	苹果 ; 矮化砧木 ; 新品种 ; 早果
英文关键词	Y-2 Apple Dwarfing rootstock New cultivar Y-2 Early-fruiting
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	HORTICULTURE
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5871547
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/234461
作者单位	1.山西省农业科学院果树研究所, 太谷, 山西 030815, 中国; 2.山西省农业科学院农产品加工研究所, 太原, 山西 030031, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	杨廷桢,王骞,弓桂花,等. 苹果早果矮化砧木新品种Y-2的选育[J],2016,33(12):1584-1587.
APA	杨廷桢.,王骞.,弓桂花.,高敬东.,蔡华成.,...&王淑婷.(2016).苹果早果矮化砧木新品种Y-2的选育.果树学报,33(12),1584-1587.
MLA	杨廷桢,et al."苹果早果矮化砧木新品种Y-2的选育".果树学报 33.12(2016):1584-1587.