干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 秸秆还田与氮肥配施对春玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响

Arid

	秸秆还田与氮肥配施对春玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响
其他题名	Effects of crop residues incorporation and N-fertilizer on yield and water use efficiency of spring maize
	张哲 1; 孙占祥 1; 张燕卿 2; 郑家明 3; 杨宁 3; 冯良山 3; 李开宇 3
来源期刊	干旱地区农业研究
ISSN	1000-7601
出版年	2016
卷号	34 期号:3 页码:144-152
中文摘要	为了探讨长期玉米秸秆还田与氮肥配施对辽西风沙半干旱区春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响,在农业部阜新农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站利用长期定位试验,设置了4个秸秆还田量水平(0,3 000 kg· hm~(-2),6 000 kg·hm~(-2),9 000 kg·hm~(-2))与两个施氮肥水平(210 kg·hm~(-2),420 kg·hm~(-2)),共8个处理。结果表明,连续秸秆还田与氮肥配施可以显著增加玉米的群体生物产量(P < 0.05)和经济产量(P < 0.05),2013年(平水年)和2014年(枯水年)的产量均为C3N1处理最高,分别为14 719.95 kg·hm~(-2)和12 397.95 kg·hm~(-2),大小顺序为C3N1 > C3N2 > C2N1 > C2N2 > C1N2 > C1N1 > C0N2 > C0N1;秸秆还田可以充分利用作物生育期降水,提高降水利用效率和作物水分利用效率,2 a的研究结果显示,C3N1处理的水分利用效率最高,在生物产量和子粒产量水分利用效率方面,2013年与2014年分别比最低的C0N1处理高26.83%、43.15%和44.64%、70.55%,两年平均水分利用效率的大小顺序与生物产量相同。综合分析认为,秸秆量9 000 kg·hm~(-2)、氮肥量210 kg·hm~(-2)是提高该区域类型土地生产力和农田水分利用效率的较优方案。
英文摘要	In order to explore the effects of crop residues incorporation and N-fertilizer utilization on spring maize yield and water use efficiency in semi-arid area of western Liaoning Province,a long-term experiment was conducted in Fuxin Agricultural Environment and the Farmland Conservation Scientific Observation Station. Four quantities in straw returning (0 kg·hm~(-2),3 000 kg·hm~(-2),6 000 kg·hm~(-2),and 9 000 kg·hm~(-2)) and two nitrogen levels (210 kg·hm~(-2) and 420 kg·hm~(-2)) were set up accounting for a total of eight treatments. The results showed that the continued crop residues incorporation and N-fertilizer utilization could significantly increase maize population biological yield (P < 0.05) and output (P < 0.05). The C3N1 treatment resulted in the highest yield in 2013 (normal year) and 2014 (dry year), reaching 14 719.95 kg·hm~(-2) and 12 397.95 kg·hm~(-2),respectively. The influence on yield by different treatments followed the order of C3N1 > C3N2 > C2N1 > C2N2 > C1N2 > C1N1 > C0N2 > C0N1. The yield under C0N1 was the lowest. Straw returning could take fully use of precipitation during crop growth period and rainfall use efficiency and crop water use efficiency could became enhanced. The results from two years showed that C3N1 treatment allowed the highest water use efficiency. As a result, biological and grain yields were 26.83% and 43.15% in 2013 and 26.83% and 43.15% in 2014 higher than those by the C0N1 treatment respectively. Same results in two years were obtained in average water use efficiency and biological yield size. In conclusion,the optimal solution is straw returning in amount of 9 000 kg· hm~(-2) and nitrogen is 210 kg·hm~(-2),which can increase the land productivity and agricultural water use efficiency in this area.
中文关键词	秸秆还田 ; 氮肥 ; 春玉米 ; 水分利用效率 ; 产量
英文关键词	crop residues incorporation N-fertilizer spring maize water use efficiency yield
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5716881
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/234197
作者单位	1.沈阳农业大学, 沈阳, 辽宁 110161, 中国; 2.中国农业科学院环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081, 中国; 3.辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所, 沈阳, 辽宁 110161, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张哲,孙占祥,张燕卿,等. 秸秆还田与氮肥配施对春玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响[J],2016,34(3):144-152.
APA	张哲.,孙占祥.,张燕卿.,郑家明.,杨宁.,...&李开宇.(2016).秸秆还田与氮肥配施对春玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响.干旱地区农业研究,34(3),144-152.
MLA	张哲,et al."秸秆还田与氮肥配施对春玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响".干旱地区农业研究 34.3(2016):144-152.