干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 长江口放射性核素Pu的大气湿沉降初步研究

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	长江口放射性核素Pu的大气湿沉降初步研究
其他题名	AtmosphericWet Deposition of Radionuclide Pu in the Changjiang River Estuary Region
	张克新; 潘少明; 徐仪红; 曹立国; 徐伟; 张威; 郝永佩
来源期刊	地理科学
ISSN	1000-0690
出版年	2016
卷号	36 期号:1 页码:157-160
中文摘要	利用东京~(239,240)Pu的年沉降和年降水数据,对长江口地区1957~2005年~(239,240)Pu的年大气湿沉降通量进行研究。结果表明:长江口地区1957~2005年间~(239,240)Pu的大气湿沉降量在0.001 2~5.531 Bq/m~2之间,累计湿沉降通量为34.556 Bq/m~2;该地区Pu的大气湿沉降主要集中在1960 s;1960 s初频繁的大气核试验是造成~(239,240)Pu在1960 s沉降量较大的主要原因。长江口地区与东京地区~(239,240)Pu大气沉降变化基本一致,两地的大气湿沉降均在1963年出现明显峰值。
英文摘要	Anthropogenic radionuclides (~(137)Cs, ~(90)Sr, and Pu isotopes) released from atmospheric nuclear tests, major nuclear reactor accidents, and other sources can be detected in the environment in most parts of the world. In particular, as a result of atmospheric nuclear explosions, about 15 PBq of ~(239,240)Pu (1 PBq=10~(15) Bq) and 0.3 PBq of ~(238)Pu have been globally released into the atmosphere. These radionuclides may be useful tracers of environmental changes, such as desertification, erosion and sedimentation processes, in terrestrial regions. Furthermore, measurements of radionuclide deposition are useful for several purposes, including the assessment of the effects of radiation from anthropogenic radionuclides on humans. They may also find use as indicators of environmental events. Most of the current investigations focus on the chemical behaviors such as transfer and diffusion in environment, but for the atmospheric wet deposition of radionuclide Pu, the publically available report is very limited in China. In this article, we investigated and quantified preliminarily the ~(239,240)Pu atmospheric deposition in the Changjiang River Estuary Region based on the records of ~(239,240)Pu atmospheric deposition and precipitation in Tokyo in Japan. The results indicated that ~(239,240)Pu atmospheric deposition history in the Changjiang River Estuary Region was similar to that of the whole north hemisphere. The cumulative atmospheric deposition inventory of ~(239,240)Pu was estimated to be 34.556 Bq/m~2 in 1957-2005. The maximum annual deposition occurred in 1963 after the large-scale atmospheric nuclear weapons testing in 1950s-1960s conducted by the United States and former USSR. Annual ~(239,240)Pu deposition decreased in the period from 1963 to 1967 according to the stratospheric residence time of nuclear debris. In the 1970s, the radionuclide deposition observed in the Changjiang River Estuary showed no decrease because of a series of American and Chinese atmospheric nuclear tests. In addition, ~(239,240)Pu atmospheric deposition history in the Changjiang River Estuary Region was similar to that of Tokyo. The results proved that spatial distribution of the cumulative deposition of anthropogenic radionuclide Pu is similar on the same latitude regions of the northern hemisphere and the similar climate conditions.
中文关键词	放射性核素 ; 大气沉降 ; 长江口
英文关键词	Pu Radionuclide atmospheric deposition Pu the Changjiang River Estuary Region
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	OCEANOGRAPHY
WOS研究方向	Oceanography
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5640252
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/234042
作者单位	南京大学地理与海洋科学学院, 海岸与海岛开发教育部重点实验室, 南京, 江苏 210023, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张克新,潘少明,徐仪红,等. 长江口放射性核素Pu的大气湿沉降初步研究[J],2016,36(1):157-160.
APA	张克新.,潘少明.,徐仪红.,曹立国.,徐伟.,...&郝永佩.(2016).长江口放射性核素Pu的大气湿沉降初步研究.地理科学,36(1),157-160.
MLA	张克新,et al."长江口放射性核素Pu的大气湿沉降初步研究".地理科学 36.1(2016):157-160.