干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 中国玉米区域氮磷钾肥推荐用量及肥料配方研究

Arid

	中国玉米区域氮磷钾肥推荐用量及肥料配方研究
其他题名	BASIC NPK FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATION AND FERTILIZER FORMULA FOR MAIZE PRODUCTION REGIONS IN CHINA
	吴良泉; 武良; 崔振岭; 陈新平; 张福锁
来源期刊	土壤学报
ISSN	0564-3929
出版年	2015
卷号	52 期号:4 页码:802-817
中文摘要	研究中国玉米不同区域氮磷钾肥推荐用量及肥料配方,为引导区域科学施肥和复合肥产品优化提供科学依据。总结分析2005-2010年在全国玉米主产区进行的1 752、7 081和6 328组氮、磷和钾肥肥效试验并参考有关文献资料的基础上,将我国玉米主产区分为4个大区和12个施肥亚区,以氮肥总量控制、磷肥恒量监控、钾肥肥效反应的技术原理计算不同区域的氮磷钾肥的优化用量,并根据大配方、小调整的技术思路确定区域肥料配方。结果表明,东北春玉米区(I)和西北春玉米区(Ⅲ)的产量水平较高(9.0 ~ 10.5 t hm~(-2)),华北夏玉米区(Ⅱ)和西南玉米区(Ⅳ)的产量水平相对较低(7.5~8.3 t hm~(-2))。12个施肥亚区的氮肥推荐用量平均为N 181 kg hm~(-2),其中东北冷凉春玉米区(I -1)最低(N 150 kg hm~(-2)),西北绿洲灌溉春玉米区(Ⅲ-3)最高(N 219 kg hm~(-2));磷肥推荐用量平均为P_2O_5 75 kg hm~(-2),其中华北中北部夏玉米区(Ⅱ-1)最低(P_2O_5 46 kg hm~(-2)),西北绿洲灌溉春玉米区(Ⅲ-3)最高(P_2O_5 123 kg hm~(-2));钾肥推荐用量平均为K_2O 54 kg hm~(-2),其中西北绿洲灌溉春玉米区(Ⅲ-3)最低(K_2O 30 kg hm~(-2)),华北南部夏玉米区(Ⅱ-2)最高(K_2O 64 kg hm~(-2))。根据不同生态区域的养分推荐用量及气候、栽培和土壤条件的差异,在12个施肥亚区总共确定了16个区域肥料配方,包括12个基追结合施肥下的配方和4个一次性施肥配方。区域间养分推荐用量较好反映了区域土壤供肥能力、肥效反应和产量水平的特异性,我国玉米区域大配方的制定不仅为区域肥料配方生产提供技术支撑,也为其他相关作物的区域配肥提供理论参考。
英文摘要	Application of fertilizers, unreasonable in rate and formula, has been the main factor limiting maize production. A large number of on-farm fertilization experiments have been conducted on maize across the main agro-ecological regions of China, and large volumes of first-hand data were collected for analysis in this study to explore region-specific optimal NPK recommendation (including rate and formula) in anticipation that the study may provide some technical support to improving the maize production in China and a theoretical basis for designing region-specific and crop-specific fertilizer. Based on the county’ s GIS-based agricultural statistical database and relevant literature, the maize production areas in China were divided into 4 major regions by geographic location and production layout and further into 12 fertilization sub-regions in light of climatic, crop cultivation, topographic and soil conditions. Meanwhile a total of 1 752, 7 081 and 6 328 groups of on-farm N,P and K fertilization experiments were conducted all over the maize production areas during 2005-2010, and results and data of the experiments were collected, sorted and collated by fertilization sub-region. Then, sub-region-specific recommendation of N rate for maize was worked out using the N fertilizer total amount control technique and proper ratios of basal/sidedressing were determined in the light of the features and production practices of a region and nutrient demand of the crop; sub-region-specific recommendation of P rate for maize was, using P building-up and maintenance technique and sub-region-specific recommendation of K rate for maize, too, using the technique of yield response to K application. Based on the technical approach of regional fertilizer formula plus site specific adjustment’, sub-region-specific fertilizer formula and application technique was designed for all the maize growing areas. Northeast China (Region I) and Northwest China (Region Ⅲ) was quite high in maize yield, reaching 9.0 ~10.5 t hm~(-2), while North China Plain (Region Ⅱ) and Southwest China (Region IV) was quite low, being 7.5 ~ 8.3 t hm~(-2). For the 12 sub-regions, the recommended N rates were averaged to be N 181 kg hm~(-2), ranging from N 150 kg hm~(-2) for the cold sub-region in Northeast China (Region I -1) to N 219 kg hm~(-2) for the irrigated oasis sub-region in the Northwest China (Region Ⅲ-3); the recommended P rates, P_2O_5 75 kg hm~(-2) on average, ranged from P_2O_5 46 kg hm~(-2) for the north-central sub-region in the North China Plain (Region Ⅱ -1) to P_2O_5 123 kg hm~(-2) in the irrigated oasis sub-region in the Northwest China (Region Ⅲ -3); and the recommended K rates, K_2O 54 kg hm~(-2) on average, ranged from K_2O 30 kg hm~(-2) for the irrigated oasis sub-region in the Northwest China (Region Ⅲ-3) to K_2O 64 kg hm~(-2) for the south sub-region in the North China Plain (Region Ⅱ -2). For the 12 sub-regions, a total of 16 region-specific fertilizer formulas were worked out, including 12 formulae with basal plus top-dressing fertilization approach and 4 formulae with only basal fertilization application. The regionalization of maize fertilization can well reflect the layout of maize production in China and region-specific climatic, topographic, soil and relevant crop cultivation conditions. The significant differences between the agro-ecological regions in maize grain yield and recommended fertilizer rates reflected the specificity of each region in soil fertility, yield response to nutrient application and crop nutrient demand.
中文关键词	区域 ; 养分推荐用量 ; 大配方 ; 小调整 ; 玉米
英文关键词	Region Optimal nutrient rate Regional fertilizer formula Site specific adjustment Maize
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5469478
来源机构	中国农业大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/233443
作者单位	中国农业大学资源环境与粮食安全研究中心, 北京 100193, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	吴良泉,武良,崔振岭,等. 中国玉米区域氮磷钾肥推荐用量及肥料配方研究[J]. 中国农业大学,2015,52(4):802-817.
APA	吴良泉,武良,崔振岭,陈新平,&张福锁.(2015).中国玉米区域氮磷钾肥推荐用量及肥料配方研究.土壤学报,52(4),802-817.
MLA	吴良泉,et al."中国玉米区域氮磷钾肥推荐用量及肥料配方研究".土壤学报 52.4(2015):802-817.