干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 应用~(15)N示踪法研究咸水滴灌棉田氮肥去向

Arid

	应用~(15)N示踪法研究咸水滴灌棉田氮肥去向
其他题名	FATE OF FERTILIZER N IN SALINE WATER DRIP-IRRIGATEDCOTTON FIELD USING ~(15)N TRACING METHOD
	张文; 周广威; 闵伟; 马丽娟; 侯振安
来源期刊	土壤学报
ISSN	0564-3929
出版年	2015
卷号	52 期号:2 页码:372-380
中文摘要	通过田间小区试验和微区试验相结合研究滴灌条件下不同灌溉水盐度、灌水量和施氮量对棉田土壤中氮肥去向的影响。试验设置3种灌溉水盐度(电导率,EC):0.35、4.61和8.04 dS m~(-1)(分别以S_(0.35)、S_(4.61)和S_(8.04)表示);2个灌水量:405和540 mm;同时设置2个施氮水平:240、360 kg hm~(-2) (360 kg hm~(-2)为当地棉田推荐氮肥用量)。结果表明:S_(0.35)和S_(4.61)灌溉处理的棉花氮素吸收量和产量无显著差异,分别较S_(8.04)灌溉处理高出27.46% 和33.65%、21.29% 和21.63%。灌溉水盐度主要通过影响棉花单株结铃数来影响棉花产量。增加施氮量和灌水量,棉花氮素吸收量和产量均有所增加。~(15)N同位素标记试验结果表明:植物~(15)N回收率在34.20%~62.51% 之间,随灌溉水盐度的增加,植物~(15)N回收率呈现先增加后减小的趋势,S_(0.35)、S_(4.61)处理较S_(8.04)处理分别高出30.70% 和41.77%;增加灌水量和施氮量可显著提高植物~(15)N回收率。土壤~(15)N残留率随灌溉水盐度的增加而增加, S_(4.61)和S_(8.04)处理的土壤~(15)N残留率较S_(0.35)处理分别高出3.48% 和23.22%。施氮量由240 kg hm~(-2)增加至360 kg hm~(-2),土壤~(15)N残留率增加9.51%。各处理~(15)N淋洗损失率在0.35%~3.59%之间,低施氮量下,S_(0.35)和S_(4.61)处理的~(15)N淋洗损失率无显著差异,S_(8.04)处理的~(15)N淋洗损失率分别较S_(0.35)、S_(4.61)处理高出1.87倍和0.84倍;高施氮量下,~(15)N淋洗损失率随灌溉水盐度的增加而显著增加。增加灌水量和施氮量,~(15)N淋洗损失率均显著增加。
英文摘要	Freshwater scarcity is a serious long-term hindrance to the agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. While the supply of brackish water is quite plenty, therefore the use of brackish water or saline water for irrigation has received considerable attention in those regions. A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of drip irrigation with saline or brackish water in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields on fate of nitrogen in the soil relative to salinity of the water, irrigation rate, and N application rate. ~(15)N-labeled urea was applied in the experiment field or plots to trace N movement in the soil. The experiment was designed to have three treatments (S_(0.35), S_(4.61), and S_(8.04)) in salinity of irrigation water (0.35, 4.61, and 8.14 dS m~(-1), respectively), two levels in irrigation rate (405 mm and 540 mm), and two levels in N application rate (240 and 360 kg hm~(-2), 360 kg hm~(-2) is a common rate used by local farmers). The experiment shows that both cotton yield and N uptake were significantly lower in Treatment S_(8.14) than those in Treatment S_(0.35) and S_(4.61), and there was no significant difference in either cotton yield or N uptake between Treatment S_(0.35) and Treatment S_(4.61). Salinity of the water affected mainly the number of cotton bolls and hence yields of the crop. Cotton yield and N uptake increased with irrigation rate and N application rate. Results of ~(15)N tracing show that the plant ~(15)N recovery rate ranged from 34.20% to 62.51%, and followed a curve that rose first and then declined with rising salinity of the water. Plant ~(15)N recovery rate in Treatment S_(4.61) was 30.70% higher than that in Treatment S_(0.35) and 41.77% higher than that in Treatment S_(8.04). Higher irrigation rate or N application rate significantly increased plant ~(15)N recovery rate, however, higher salinity of the irrigation water decreased that. Treatment S_(4.61) and Treatment S_(8.04) was 4.03% and 23.88% higher, respectively, than Treatment S_(0.35) in soil ~(15)N residue rate. Increase in N application rate from 240 kg hm~(-2) to 360 kg hm~(-2) increased soil ~(15)N residue rate by 9.51%. Total ~(15)N recovery rate was significant higher in Treatment S_(4.61) than in Treatment S_(0.35) and Treatment S_(8.04). ~(15)N leaching rate in the treatments ranged from 0.35%~3.59%, depending on treatment and was significantly affected by salinity of the irrigation water. When N application rate was low (240 kg hm~(-2)), ~(15)N leaching rate did not differ much between Treatment S_(0.35) and Treatment S_(8.04), but the rate in Treatment S_(8.04) was 187% higher than that in Treatment S_(0.35) and 84% higher than that in Treatment S_(4.61). When N application rate was high (360 kg hm~(-2)), ~(15)N leaching rate increased significantly with salinity of the irrigation water, irrigation rate, and N application rate increased. The above-listed findings suggest that the use of brackish water in drip irrigation, if salinity of the water, irrigation rate and N application rate are all controlled to a proper level, would not affect growth, yield and N recovery of the cotton crop. But if the water is too high in salinity it would inhibit cotton growth and lower cotton yield and nitrogen use efficiency as well. In this experiment, 60.22% to 86.70% of the N fertilizer applied was recovered by the crop, 0.35% to 3.59% lost through leaching and the remaining 12%~38% through ammonia volatilization, nitrification and denitrification. Therefore, a suitable "water-salt-fertilizer" management helps improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and reduce N loss.
中文关键词	咸水滴灌 ; 棉花 ; 干物质质量 ; 产量 ; ~(15)N去向
英文关键词	Drip irrigation with saline water Cotton Dry matter weight Yield ~(15)N fate
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRONOMY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5378447
来源机构	石河子大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/233438
作者单位	石河子大学农学院农业资源与环境系, 石河子, 新疆 832003, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张文,周广威,闵伟,等. 应用~(15)N示踪法研究咸水滴灌棉田氮肥去向[J]. 石河子大学,2015,52(2):372-380.
APA	张文,周广威,闵伟,马丽娟,&侯振安.(2015).应用~(15)N示踪法研究咸水滴灌棉田氮肥去向.土壤学报,52(2),372-380.
MLA	张文,et al."应用~(15)N示踪法研究咸水滴灌棉田氮肥去向".土壤学报 52.2(2015):372-380.