干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 绿洲灌区春灌效应及定额研究

Arid

	绿洲灌区春灌效应及定额研究
其他题名	A study of the effect and quota of spring irrigation on Oasis irrigation areas
	杨鹏年; 孙珍珍; 汪昌树; 魏光辉
来源期刊	水文地质工程地质
ISSN	1000-3665
出版年	2015
卷号	42 期号:5 页码:29-33,61
中文摘要	春灌是干旱绿洲灌区内一种常规的水盐管理措施,具有储水降盐等多种作用。实际生产中采用的定额常较大,造成了水资源的过度利用,采用合适的定额成为必然选择。通过在新疆库尔勒灌溉试验站开展的不同春灌定额的试验,得出了不同春灌定额适合于不同土壤盐渍化程度。1 350 m~3 /ha的定额适合于轻度盐渍化土壤,灌溉水量的87.3%可保持在1.0 m的深度内,表层盐分可被淋洗至10 ~ 50 cm; 1 800 m~3 /ha的定额适合于中度盐渍化土壤,灌水量的53.7% 将渗漏至1.0 m以下,可将表层盐分淋洗至30 ~ 60 cm; 2 250 m~3 /ha的定额适合于重度盐渍化土壤,灌水量的48.9% 可将表层盐分淋洗至40 ~ 80 cm。同时,这三种定额均会对表层30 cm土层的硝态氮产生较强的淋洗作用,定额越大,下移的深度也越大,从而造成氮素的流失。从保持土壤肥力的角度看,对于非盐渍化或轻度盐渍化的土壤,可以考虑采用替代常规春灌的一些新方法,如干播湿出、滴水春灌等近年来兴起的播种方式,是常规春灌定额的50% 左右,作物出苗率较常规春灌并未降低甚至还有所提高,有利于绿洲地下水环境的改善,同时也将更新对春灌作用的传统认识与观念。
英文摘要	Spring irrigation is the regular water and salt management measure in an arid irrigation area and plays the roles of increasing soil content and decreasing soil salt. The actual irrigation quota is often used in larger quantity,resulting in excessive use of water resources. Hence,the appropriate quota is an inevitable choice now. In this paper,the different spring irrigation quotas are tested in the Korla Irrigation Experiment Station,Xinjiang. The results show that different quotas are suitable for different levels of soil salinization. The quota of 1 350 m~3 /ha suitable for the mild saline soil and 87.3% of irrigation water can be maintained within a depth of 1.0 m. The surface salinity can be leached to the depth of 10 - 50 cm. The quota of 1800 m~3 /ha suitable for the moderate saline soil and 53.7% of irrigation water can be maintained within a depth of 1.0 m. The surface salinity can be leached to the depth of 30 - 60 cm. The quota of 2 250 m~3 /ha suitable for the medium saline soil and 48.9% of irrigation water can be maintained within a depth of 1.0 m. The surface salinity can be leached to the depth of 40 - 80 cm. These three quotas will have a strong effect on the leaching nitrate nitrogenon in the top 30 cm soil. The larger the quota,the greater the depth of water moving down. As a result,the soil nitrate nitrogen will loss. From the perspective of maintaining soil fertility,adopting some new methods,for instance,dry sowing and wet germination,mulched drip irrigation,et al.,can be considered for non-saline or mild soil salinization. Its quota is only about 50% of the conventional spring irrigation and has not reduced and even increased the emergence rate in crops. These measures contribute to the improvement of the ecological environment of oases.
中文关键词	干旱区 ; 春灌定额 ; 盐渍化土壤 ; 硝态氮 ; 库尔勒灌溉试验站
英文关键词	arid area spring irrigation quota saline soil nitrate nitrogen
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	MINERALOGY
WOS研究方向	Mineralogy
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5516009
来源机构	新疆农业大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/233403
作者单位	新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830052, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	杨鹏年,孙珍珍,汪昌树,等. 绿洲灌区春灌效应及定额研究[J]. 新疆农业大学,2015,42(5):29-33,61.
APA	杨鹏年,孙珍珍,汪昌树,&魏光辉.(2015).绿洲灌区春灌效应及定额研究.水文地质工程地质,42(5),29-33,61.
MLA	杨鹏年,et al."绿洲灌区春灌效应及定额研究".水文地质工程地质 42.5(2015):29-33,61.