干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 基于水文气象条件的河道临界集水面积确定的方法研究

Arid

	基于水文气象条件的河道临界集水面积确定的方法研究
其他题名	Minimum support area of riverhead based on regional hydro-climate factors
	沙玉坤; 李卫朋; 范继辉; 程根伟
来源期刊	水力发电学报
ISSN	1003-1243
出版年	2015
卷号	34 期号:5 页码:19-26
中文摘要	河流源头是最小河流的起点位置,源头位置的确定具有较大的困难,一般采用该点以上集水面积的大小来判定。河道集水面积临界阈值是数字化河网的一个核心问题,直接影响着河网密度与流域划分结果。以往人们主要是利用常数面积法或经验值确定区域的河道集水面积的临界阈值,对于利用水文气象条件确定河流集水面积临界阈值研究甚少。本文分析了现有确定集水区阈值面积的方法,并基于河流源头主要特性,提出了以河道枯季临界流量(0.005~0.01m~3/s)作为河源起点的判定标准,并提出利用水文数据(年降雨量、年蒸发量以及最枯月流量)来推算流域内临界集水面积阈值的新方法。选择西藏尼洋河的白水曲流域DEM数据提取河网来对该方法进行了检验,得到当临界流量0.0085 m~3/s时,从DEM自动提取的河网与实际河网最相匹配。该方法能够考虑区域的水文气象条件对河流特征的影响,所得的结果比较合理,对于复杂水文条件下的地区进行数字化河网提取具有重要意义。
英文摘要	Riverhead is a source area forming a tributary but it is difficult to determine accurately, so it is often judged by a threshold size of the catchment area above the river starting location (minimum support area). How to define this threshold is a key issue in digitization of river network, directly affecting drainage density and watershed division. Traditionally, a given constant threshold value or some empirical thresholds are used, and methods based on meteorological and hydrological conditions for determination of the catchment area threshold are lacking. This paper analyses the existing methods for determination of the threshold and the main characteristics of riverheads, and presents a new criterion that the river starting location is a cross section with mean flow rate of 0.005~0.010 m~3/s in dry season. And by this criterion, we suggest a new method for threshold calculation using three hydro-climate factors: annual rainfall, annual evaporation, and minimum stream flow in arid season. Then, a series of thresholds were calculated by using the digital elevation map (DEM) of the Beishuiqu sub-basin of the Niyang River and extracting the river networks with ArcSWAT, and verified via comparison with a reference river network that had been extracted from a larger-scale digitized map. The results show that for this sub-basin, if a minimum flow Q_c=0.0085 m~3/s is taken as the critical support flow, a good agreement with the real river networks can be achieved and the corresponding threshold riverhead area is 4.91 km~2. The suggested method considers meteorological and hydrological conditions and gives reasonable results, and thus it is significant to extraction of digital river networks in complex hydro-climate conditions.
中文关键词	水文学 ; 集水面积 ; 河流源头 ; 临界阈值 ; 最枯月流量
英文关键词	hydrology minimum catchment area riverhead catchment area threshold critical support flow
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	GEOSCIENCES MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Geology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5437397
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/233282
作者单位	中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 中国科学院山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室, 成都, 四川 610041, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	沙玉坤,李卫朋,范继辉,等. 基于水文气象条件的河道临界集水面积确定的方法研究[J],2015,34(5):19-26.
APA	沙玉坤,李卫朋,范继辉,&程根伟.(2015).基于水文气象条件的河道临界集水面积确定的方法研究.水力发电学报,34(5),19-26.
MLA	沙玉坤,et al."基于水文气象条件的河道临界集水面积确定的方法研究".水力发电学报 34.5(2015):19-26.