干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 1960-2010年中国主要流域径流量减小原因探讨分析

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	1960-2010年中国主要流域径流量减小原因探讨分析
其他题名	Analysis of the dominant causes for runoff reduction in five major basins over China during 1960-2010
	张树磊; 杨大文; 杨汉波; 雷慧闽
来源期刊	水科学进展
ISSN	1001-6791
出版年	2015
卷号	26 期号:5 页码:605-613
中文摘要	针对1960-2010年径流量显著减少的中国主要流域,包括松花江、辽河、海河、黄河和汉江等,选择其上游地区受人类直接取用水影响较少的山区小流域,分析径流变化及其原因。采用基于Budyko假设的流域水热耦合平衡方程,估计了流域年径流量变化的气候弹性系数和下垫面弹性系数,并对各流域径流变化进行了归因分析。结果表明,在气候较为湿润的地区,径流对气候和下垫面变化均不敏感;在气候较为干燥的地区,径流对气候和下垫面变化都更为敏感,且区域差异性明显。潜在蒸散发的变化对径流减少的影响微弱,降水减少和下垫面变化是径流减少的主导因素,其中人类活动导致的下垫面变化对径流减少的影响尤为显著。对比两个阶段的径流变化归因分析结果,近10年间流域下垫面变化对年径流量的影响程度较前20年有显著增加。通过分析近30年的归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据发现,植被覆盖改善是下垫面变化的重要原因,说明中国水土保持工程发挥了显著生态效益的同时也导致了流域径流减小。
英文摘要	A sharp reduction of annual runoff has been observed during the past 50 years in five major river basins of China,namely Songhuajiang River,Liaohe River,Haihe River,Yellow River and Hanjiang River.In this study, changes of catchment runoff and their causes were investigated in 107 small catchments with relatively small artificial water uses from the 5 basins.The coupled energy-water balance equation based on the Budyko hypothesis is employed to estimate climate elasticity and landscape elasticity of runoff,which were then used for attribution analysis of runoff decrease in these 107 catchments.The results show that the catchment annual runoff is relatively less sensitive to climate and landscape changes in relatively humid regions while it is more sensitive to climate and landscape changes in relatively arid regions.By the attribution analysis,it is found that the change in potential evapotranspiration has little impact on runoff in most of the 107 catchments while the dominant factors leading to runoff reduction are the changes in precipitation and catchment landscape.It is also seen that the landscape change induced catchment runoff reductions have significantly intensified in the recent 10 years.Based on the analysis of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) during the recent 30 years,vegetation increase appears to be the dominant change in landscape.This implies that the soil and water conservation project carried out in China has achieved a notable ecological effect although it is also one of the major causes of runoff reduction.
中文关键词	径流减少 ; 流域水热耦合平衡方程 ; 归因分析 ; 气候变化 ; 下垫面变化
英文关键词	catchment runoff reduction coupled energy-water balance equation attribution analysis climate change landscape change
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	GEOSCIENCES MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Geology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5553447
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/233279
作者单位	清华大学水利水电工程系, 水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室, 北京 100084, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张树磊,杨大文,杨汉波,等. 1960-2010年中国主要流域径流量减小原因探讨分析[J],2015,26(5):605-613.
APA	张树磊,杨大文,杨汉波,&雷慧闽.(2015).1960-2010年中国主要流域径流量减小原因探讨分析.水科学进展,26(5),605-613.
MLA	张树磊,et al."1960-2010年中国主要流域径流量减小原因探讨分析".水科学进展 26.5(2015):605-613.