Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 黄河中游绿水系数变化及其生态环境意义 | |
| 其他题名 | Increasing trend of green water coefficient in the middle Yellow River basin and the eco-environmental implications |
| 许炯心 | |
| 来源期刊 | 生态学报
 |
| ISSN | 1000-0933 |
| 出版年 | 2015 |
| 卷号 | 35期号:22页码:7298-7307 |
| 中文摘要 | 绿水和蓝水的概念和理论对于半干旱、半湿润区水资源的评价和管理有重要意义。引入流域尺度上绿水系数指标,定义为某一流域内由降水到绿水的转换系数。研究发现,1950--2011年间,黄河中游河口镇至龙门区间(河龙区间)的绿水系数呈现增大的趋势。除了气温、降水的影响外,水土保持是一个重要因素。水土保持措施减少了降雨到径流(蓝水)的转化率,增大了降雨到绿水的转化率。绿水系数的增大意味着坡面径流减弱和河流径流的减弱,从而减少了坡面侵蚀和流域产沙。同时,绿水系数的增大意味着植被蒸腾作用的增强,说明植被对地表的保护作用增强,这也会导致坡面侵蚀的减弱。河龙区间产沙量与流域绿水系数之间呈显著的负相关关系,产沙量变化的53.7%可以用流域绿水系数的变化来解释。水土保持实施后,梯田和坝地使得生产性绿水系数增大,从而增加了粮食产量。梯田、坝地面积与绿水系数和粮食产量之间都存在着显著的正相关关系,粮食产量与绿水系数之间也存在显著的正相关关系。绿水系数具有流域生态环境质量变化的指示意义,在年降水可比的情况下,流域绿水系数的减小意味着集水区生态环境环境质量降低,流域绿水系数的增大意味着集水区生态环境质量提高。依照绿水系数的变化,可以将近60余年来河龙区间生态环境的变化过程划分为3个阶段。 |
| 英文摘要 | The concept and theory of green and blue waters are important for water resources assessment and management,especially in semi-arid and sub-humid zones. Most previous studies have been at farm-field scales ; to better manage green water at drainage-basin scales, it is important to study how the transformation of precipitation to green water is influenced by climate and human activity. An index of the green water coefficient (C_(gw)) at the drainage-basin scale is adopted in the present study, defined as the ratio of the annual amount of green water to the annual precipitation within a drainage basin. Based on hydrological and meteorological data from the Yellow River basin and using statistical methods, we analyzed the temporal variation of C in relation to climate change and human activity. During 19502011, the C_(gw) over the Hekouzhen-Longmen drainage basin showed an increasing trend. Apart from changes in air temperature and precipitation, the implementation of large-scale soil and water conservation measures is an important factor. Soil and water conservation measures reduce the transformation rate from precipitation to runoff (blue water) and increase the transformation rate from precipitation to green water. The increase in the green water coefficient implies a weakening of runoff on hill slopes and flows in the river, thus reducing soil erosion and sediment yield. On the other hand, the increased green water also indicates higher transpiration by the improved vegetation, and the latter may increase the vegetation’s protection of land surfaces against erosion, also reducing sediment yield. The sediment yield (Q_s) over the Hekouzhen-Longmen drainage area has negatively correlated with C_(gw) (R~2 = 0.53 ),indicating that 53% of the decrease in Q_s can be explained by the increase in C_(gw). After the implementation of soil and water conservation measures,the increased terracing land and the land created by check-dams increased the productive green water, increasing grain yield. We found that grain yield was positively correlated with C_(gw) and with the areas of terrace land and the land created by check-dams. The increased proportion of productive green water was an important factor for the increased grain yields. The green water coefficient may be used as an indicator of the environmental quality of a drainage basin. At the same precipitation, an increased C_(gw) means that the environmental quality has improved,and vice versa. According to the variation in C_(gw),the changes in the environmental quality of the Hekouzhen-Longmen drainage area has been be divided into three stages. In Stage 1 (19501969),C_(gw) showed a decreasing trend,meaning that the environmental quality was lowered due to serious soil and water losses. In Stage 2,C_(gw) showed an increasing trend, meaning that the environmental quality improved due to the large-scale practice of soil and water conservation measures. In Stage 3,C_(gw) increased more rapidly, indicating that the environmental quality was further improved due to the large-scale ecological restoration focused on returning farmland to forests (and grasses)". Therefore,the application of the green water coefficient is useful for the assessment of generalized water resources at the drainage-basin scale and for a better understanding of the water-resource effect induced by soil and water conservation measures. |
| 中文关键词 | 绿水 ; 绿水系数 ; 气候变化 ; 人类活动 ; 黄河中游 |
| 英文关键词 | green water green-water coefficient climate change human activity the middle Yellow River |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 收录类别 | CSCD |
| WOS类目 | BIOLOGY |
| WOS研究方向 | Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics |
| CSCD记录号 | CSCD:5567134 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/233210 |
| 作者单位 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 中国科学院陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室, 北京 100101, 中国 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 许炯心. 黄河中游绿水系数变化及其生态环境意义[J]. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,2015,35(22):7298-7307. |
| APA | 许炯心.(2015).黄河中游绿水系数变化及其生态环境意义.生态学报,35(22),7298-7307. |
| MLA | 许炯心."黄河中游绿水系数变化及其生态环境意义".生态学报 35.22(2015):7298-7307. |
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