干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 西北黑河中游荒漠绿洲农田作物蒸腾与土壤蒸发区分及作物耗水规律

Arid

	西北黑河中游荒漠绿洲农田作物蒸腾与土壤蒸发区分及作物耗水规律
其他题名	Division between transpiration and evaporation, and crop water consumption over farmland within oases of the middlestream of Heihe River basin, Northwestern China
	赵丽雯; 赵文智; 吉喜斌
来源期刊	生态学报
ISSN	1000-0933
出版年	2015
卷号	35 期号:4 页码:1114-1123
中文摘要	利用中国生态系统研究网络临泽内陆河流域研究站绿洲农田2009年小气候、湍流交换、土壤蒸发和叶片气孔导度等综合观测试验数据,应用Shuttleworth-Wallace(S-W)双源模型以半小时为步长估算了绿洲农田玉米生长季实际蒸散量,并利用涡动相关与微型蒸渗仪实测数据对田间蒸散发量和棵间土壤蒸发量计算结果进行了检验。结果表明:S-W模型较好地估算研究区的蒸散量,并能有效区分农田作物蒸腾和土壤蒸发;全生育期玉米共耗水640 mm,其中作物蒸腾累积量为467 mm,土壤蒸发累积量为173 mm,分别占总量的72.9%和27.1%;日时间尺度上,作物蒸腾和土壤蒸发分别在0-6.3 mm/d和0-4.3 mm/d之间变化,其日平均分别为2.9和1.0 mm/d;田间供水充足,作物蒸腾与土壤蒸发比值明显受作物生长过程影响,播种一出苗期、出苗一拔节期、拔节一抽雄期、抽雄一灌浆期、灌浆一成熟期,其比值分别为0.04、0.8、7.0、5.2和1.4,不同阶段的比值差异主要受叶面积指数影响。
英文摘要	The process of evapotranspiration (ET),which takes into account both evaporation (E) and plant transpiration (Tr),plays a prominent role in water and heat exchange in terrestrial ecosystem, given that it involves interactions between plants,soil and atmosphere. Evapotranspiration is also vital for developing water-saving irrigation schemes and improving the crop water productivity of farmland ecosystems. As for the components of evapotranspiration,investigating transpiration and evaporation separately can help us understanding crop water requirements more thoroughly. We investigated the variation in crop water consumption during the growing season for a maize field located in the Linze Inland River Basin Research Station of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network. In this investigation, we obtained essential data, including microclimate, turbulent exchange, evaporation, and leaf stomatal conductance, in 2009. Based on these data, we simulated transpiration and evaporation in half-hour time steps using the Shuttleworth- Wallace (S-W) model. Comparing the calculated ET data with eddy covariance data through correlation analysis, we found that the correlation coefficient (R~2) was 0.70,the mean square error (MSE) was 0.67,and P less than 0.001. A correlation analysis between evaporation data measured by a micro-lysimeter and evaporation data simulated by S-W model shows a good accordance between them, with R~2 of 0.64,MSE of 0. 67,and P less than 0.001. The S-W model was found to be useful for dividing evapotranspiration into transpiration and evaporation. After applying the model, it can be concluded that during the growing season, the cumulative evapotranspiration was about 640 mm, which consisted of 467 mm of transpiration and 173 mm of evaporation. It means that transpiration and evaporation accounted for 72.9% and 27. 1% of evapotranspiration, respectively. On a daily basis, transpiration ranged from 0 to 6.3 mm/d (mean = 2.8 mm/d),while evaporation ranged from 0 to 4.3 mm/d (mean =1.0 mm/d). The ratio of transpiration to evaporation varied with crop growth. Transpiration (water consumption) of maize during different growing stages can be summarized as follows. The ratio of transpiration to evaporation (Tr/E) was 0.04 when the leaf area index (LAI) was close to zero from seeding to emergence stage,indicating that evaporation constituted a large proportion of evapotranspiration. From emergence to jointing stage (LAI= 0.35),the ratio of Tr to E was 0.8, while transpiration and evaporation accounted for 45% and 55% of evapotranspiration, respectively. However, from jointing to tasseling stage (LAI = 3.81), when most of the solar radiation was captured by the canopy,transpiration accounted for 87. 4% and evaporation dropped to only 12.6% of evapotranspiration, while Tr/E was 7.0. From tasseling to filling stage, the ratio of Tr to E was 5.2,while transpiration and evaporation constituted 83.8% and 16. 2% of evapotranspiration, respectively.
中文关键词	Shuttleworth-Wallace模型 ; 作物蒸腾 ; 土壤蒸发 ; 耗水规律
英文关键词	Shuttleworth-Wallace model transpiration evaporation water consumption
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	BIOLOGY
WOS研究方向	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5367470
来源机构	中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/233149
作者单位	中国生态系统研究网络临泽内陆河流域研究站,中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730000, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	赵丽雯,赵文智,吉喜斌. 西北黑河中游荒漠绿洲农田作物蒸腾与土壤蒸发区分及作物耗水规律[J]. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,2015,35(4):1114-1123.
APA	赵丽雯,赵文智,&吉喜斌.(2015).西北黑河中游荒漠绿洲农田作物蒸腾与土壤蒸发区分及作物耗水规律.生态学报,35(4),1114-1123.
MLA	赵丽雯,et al."西北黑河中游荒漠绿洲农田作物蒸腾与土壤蒸发区分及作物耗水规律".生态学报 35.4(2015):1114-1123.