干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 降解膜覆盖对油菜根系、产量和水分利用效率的影响

Arid

	降解膜覆盖对油菜根系、产量和水分利用效率的影响
其他题名	Effects of Biodegradable Film Mulching on Root Distribution, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)
	谷晓博; 李援农; 银敏华; 杜娅丹; 周昌明
来源期刊	农业机械学报
ISSN	1000-1298
出版年	2015
卷号	46 期号:12 页码:184-193
中文摘要	通过2a田间试验设置普通地膜覆盖(PM)、生物降解膜覆盖(JM)和露地对照(CK)3个处理,系统分析和比较了不同类型地膜覆盖对地下5cm和25cm深度处的土壤温度、0~100cm土壤储水量、冬油菜生长状况、根系形态特征、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,在播种后150d前,PM和JM处理的增温保墒效果相当,均显著大于CK(P<0.05),在播种后150d后,生物地膜逐渐降解,其增温保墒效果显著低于PM(P<0.05);JM处理冬油菜不同生育期的株高、叶面积指数、地上部干物质量和成熟期不同深度处的主根直径与PM处理均无显著差异(P>0.05),但都显著大于CK(P<0.05),冬油菜分枝数、主花序和分枝花序的角果数、籽粒数也表现出相同的特点。与PM处理相比,JM处理更能促进冬油菜主根下扎,有效增加20~30cm土壤深度的侧根质量密度。JM处理的节水增产效果与PM无显著差异(P>0.05),2种地膜覆盖下冬油菜的产量和水分利用效率均显著大于CK(P<0.05),PM和JM处理2a冬油菜的平均产量和平均水分利用效率分别比CK增加45.91%、37.02%和81.68%、53.86%;与PM处理相比,JM处理还能有效降低油菜籽粒中对人体健康不利的芥酸和硫苷含量。从应用效果来看,JM可以代替PM应用于冬油菜的种植栽培。
英文摘要	Plastic film mulching is an efficient agronomic method to increase yield and improve water use efficiency in arid and semi-arid regions. However, with the overuse of traditional refractory plastic film, the residual of plastic film was constantly increasing in the soil during the last recent decades, which had led to some negative impacts, such as environmental pollution and land degeneration. In order to maintain the function and reduce the negative impacts of traditional refractory plastic film, some degradable films were obligatory to take place of it. Several studies had demonstrated that biodegradable film could apply to maize and cotton cultivation instead of traditional plastic film, but few of them were dedicated to studying whether biodegradable film was suitable for winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), which is the most important oil crop in China. Three treatments, including plastic film (PM), biodegradable film (JM) and no film (CK), were conducted to systematically analyze and compare the effects of different types of film on soil temperature at 5cm and 25cm depths, soil water capacity in 0~100cm depth, crop growth, root morphology characteristics, yield, quality and water use efficiency of winter oilseed rape in two growing seasons (2012-2013 and 2013-2014). The results showed that the effects of improving soil temperature and conserving soil moisture of JM were similar to PM and significantly better than those of CK (P<0.05) before 150 DAS (days after sowing), but the effects were significantly lower than those of PM after 150 DAS because of the degradation of degradable film. No significant differences were found between PM and JM in plant height, leaf area index, shoot dry matter weight at different growth stages and taproot diameter of different soil depths at maturity stage (P>0.05), but they were all significantly better than those of CK (P<0.05). And the same characteristic was found in branch numbers, pod numbers and seed numbers of main raceme and branch raceme. Compared with PM, JM could better promote taproot to extend to deep soil layer, and effectively increase lateral root mass density in soil layer of 20~30cm. No significant difference was found between PM and JM in saving water and increasing yield (P>0.05), and yield and water use efficiency of two types of film were significantly higher than those of CK in two years (P<0.05). When treated with PM and JM, the yields of winter oilseed rape were increased by 45.91% and 37.02%, respectively, and the water use efficiencies were increased by 81.68% and 53.86%, respectively. JM could also reduce erucic acid and glucosinolate content, which were harmful to human health, compared with PM. Then, from the perspective of application effects, biodegradable film could be applied to winter oilseed rape cultivation instead of traditional refractory plastic film.
中文关键词	生物降解膜 ; 主根形态 ; 侧根分布 ; 产量 ; 品质 ; 水分利用效率
英文关键词	Biodegradable film Taproot morphology Lateral root distribution Yield Quality Water use efficiency
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRONOMY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5591520
来源机构	西北农林科技大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/233073
作者单位	西北农林科技大学, 旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	谷晓博,李援农,银敏华,等. 降解膜覆盖对油菜根系、产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学,2015,46(12):184-193.
APA	谷晓博,李援农,银敏华,杜娅丹,&周昌明.(2015).降解膜覆盖对油菜根系、产量和水分利用效率的影响.农业机械学报,46(12),184-193.
MLA	谷晓博,et al."降解膜覆盖对油菜根系、产量和水分利用效率的影响".农业机械学报 46.12(2015):184-193.