干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 生物炭对黄土区土壤水分入渗、蒸发及硝态氮淋溶的影响

Arid

	生物炭对黄土区土壤水分入渗、蒸发及硝态氮淋溶的影响
其他题名	Effects of biochar on water infiltration, evaporation and nitrate leaching in semi-arid loess area
	肖茜; 张洪培; 沈玉芳; 李世清
来源期刊	农业工程学报
ISSN	1002-6819
出版年	2015
卷号	31 期号:16 页码:128-134
中文摘要	为了揭示生物炭对黄土区不同质地土壤水分入渗、蒸发特性及硝态氮淋溶的影响规律及差异,该研究选取黄土区3种典型土壤(风沙土、黄绵土和黑垆土),设置质量分数0、0.5%、1%、2%、3% 和5%共6个比例的生物炭梯度,进行室内土柱模拟试验。结果表明:湿润锋进程与累积入渗量受生物炭添加量及土壤质地的影响。随着生物炭添加量的增大,风沙土和黑垆土的水分入渗速度和累积入渗量逐渐降低(P<0.05);黄绵土水分入渗和累积入渗量呈先增大后减缓的趋势(P<0.05)。生物炭未显著影响试验条件下黄绵土和黑垆土的累积蒸发量(30 d),但显著改变了风沙土的蒸发特征,抑制前期蒸发。不同生物炭添加量下,3种土壤的湿润锋运移距离与运移时间均符合幂函数关系;Philip入渗模型可描述添加生物炭土壤水分入渗变化过程。生物炭可减少黄土区3种质地土壤的硝态氮淋溶量,表明适量生物炭添加能够增强土壤氮素固持能力,降低硝态氮淋失及环境风险。该研究结果表明,生物炭作为一种土壤改良剂能够提高土壤持水性和降低硝态氮淋失,有利于黄土高原旱地作物的生长;同时该研究可为农田选择合理生物炭施用量提供科学参考。
英文摘要	Water scarcity and low use efficiency of nitrogen are the major limiting factors for agriculture sustainable development in dryland areas of the Loess Plateau. Biochar has been widely proposed as a promising novel alternative of soil amendment to improve soil quality and increase crop productivity, but limited quantitative work has been addressed on the soil water infiltration process, evaporation characteristics and nitrate leaching. A better understanding of these characteristics can provide the solid basis for the evaluation of the effect of biochar amendment on soil hydrology and nitrogen retention in arid and semi-arid regions. In the present study, by using the soil column simulation investigation, biochar derived from maize stover (pyrolysis temperature of 400℃) was applied to 3 different types of soil samples (aeolian soil, cultivated loessial soil and dark loessial soil) collected from the Loess Plateau at 6 rates of 0, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 5% (w/w) with triplicate. The wetting process, the cumulative infiltration amount, the permeability and the stable infiltration rate were determined. The water infiltration analysis showed that the advancement of wetting front and the cumulative infiltration amount changed with the biochar addition amount and soil texture. The migration rate of water was the fastest in aeolian soil and the slowest in cultivated loessial soil due to the soil texture and structure. The migration rate of wetting front in aeolian soil and dark loessial soil was decreased after the biochar addition. As the rate of biochar addition increased, the cumulative infiltration amount of aeolian soil and dark loessial soil gradually declined. For cultivated loessial soil, the higher biochar addition rates (3% and 5%) increased the time of the wetting front to the bottom of the column, while the lower rates (0.5%, 1% and 2%) increased the wetting front migration rate; the cumulative infiltration amount was not decreased at the rate of 0.5%, 1% and 2%, but reduced significantly at the rates of 3% and 5%. Overall, biochar addition reduced the water infiltration capacity and increased the water holding capacity for aeolian soil and dark loessial soil; the lower rates of biochar addition in cultivated loessial soil were not conducive to the water retention, while the higher rates of biochar addition favored. There were extremely significant power function relationships between wetting front distance and infiltration time under different rates of biochar treatments with the determination coefficient of greater than 0.99. Philip infiltration model was suitable for the simulation of soil water infiltration process under biochar treatments with the determination coefficient ranging from 0.991 to 0.999. During the successive evaporation of 30 days, biochar addition had no significant effects on the cumulative evaporation in cultivated loessial soil and dark loessial soil. However, biochar amendment changed the evaporation characteristics of aeolian soil: the evaporation was inhibited in the early stage; due to the continuous supply of water, the evaporation gradually increased in the later stage, but not significantly.
中文关键词	土壤 ; 水分 ; 蒸发 ; 生物炭 ; 土壤质地 ; 入渗 ; 硝态氮淋溶
英文关键词	soils moisture evaporation biochar soil texture infiltration nitrate leaching
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5503998
来源机构	西北农林科技大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/233037
作者单位	西北农林科技大学, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨凌, 712100
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	肖茜,张洪培,沈玉芳,等. 生物炭对黄土区土壤水分入渗、蒸发及硝态氮淋溶的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学,2015,31(16):128-134.
APA	肖茜,张洪培,沈玉芳,&李世清.(2015).生物炭对黄土区土壤水分入渗、蒸发及硝态氮淋溶的影响.农业工程学报,31(16),128-134.
MLA	肖茜,et al."生物炭对黄土区土壤水分入渗、蒸发及硝态氮淋溶的影响".农业工程学报 31.16(2015):128-134.