干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 便携式粉尘观测仪测定腾格里沙漠和毛乌素沙地PM

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	便携式粉尘观测仪测定腾格里沙漠和毛乌素沙地PM_(10)释放通量
其他题名	PM_(10) emission flux in the Tengger Desert and Mu Us Sand field, northern China,measured by PI-SWERL
	崔梦淳; 鹿化煜; 冯晗; 徐志伟
来源期刊	科学通报
ISSN	0023-074X
出版年	2015
卷号	60 期号:17 页码:1621-1630
中文摘要	中国北方沙漠和沙地是亚洲粉尘释放的重要源区,定量估算这一地区的粉尘释放量有助于评估区域大气环境质量及其气候效应.目前,对中国北方粉尘释放量的估算主要是基于模拟结果,野外直接观测数据很少.利用一种新型的粉尘释放观测仪器--便携式粉尘观测仪(PI-SWERL),测量腾格里沙漠和毛乌素沙地若干典型地表(沙丘、干湖、灌丛沙丘、河流冲积物等)的粉尘释放通量,获得了不同地表潜在粉尘释放量的直接观测数据. 结果表明,不同地表的PM_(10)释放通量存在较大差异,但均随摩阻风速的增加而增加.在相同的摩阻风速U*=0.55m/s条件下,灌丛沙丘的PM_(10)通量最高(0.70~10.23mg/(m~2s)),河流冲积物次之(0.12~4.97 mg/(m~2 s)),干湖湖底、沙丘等地表的通量较小(<0.5 mg/(m~2 s)).对比试验表明,破碎结壳地表释放的PM_(10)通量是未破碎结壳的几倍甚至几十倍;披覆松散沙粒结壳地面的PM_(10)释放通量高出未披覆的1~2个数量级.对比前人研究结果,PI-SWERL可以较好地反映不同源区粉尘释放的差异,对定量评估区域乃至全球的粉尘释放量等具有重要意义.
英文摘要	The deserts and sand fields of northern China are important sources of dust in Asia. Quantitative estimations of dust emission flux in this region will contribute to the assessment of regional environmental air quality and its climatic impact. Previous evaluations of dust emission have largely been based on numerical simulations with few direct field measurements. In this study, we used the new portable in situ wind erosion laboratory (PI-SWERL) to measure the dust emission fluxes of several typical surface sediments (i.e., dunes, dry lakes, coppice dunes, and fluvial deposits) in the Tengger Desert and Mu Us sand field, from which the potential emission fluxes of the different soil/sediment types were derived. Our results showed that dust emissions could be characterized into four basic types, indicating the comprehensive effect of aerodynamic entrainment and sand saltation on dust emission. Furthermore, irrespective of whether the particles are clay or silt, supply should be considered when evaluating dust emission. It was found that PM_(10) emission flux varies with landform surface and increases with friction velocity (U). When U = 0.55 m/s, the PM_(10) emission flux of coppice dunes is greatest (0.70-10.23 mg/(m~2 s)), followed by fluvial deposits (0.12-4.97 mg/(m~2 s)); the fluxes of dry lakes and sand dunes are both low (<0.5 mg/(m~2 s)). To understand the influence of surface crust on dust emission, we designed an experiment to investigate its effects. It was revealed that the PM_(10) emission flux of a crusted surface is several times or even dozens of times greater than without a crust; sand particles on a crusted surface also increase the PM_(10) emission flux by 1-2 orders of magnitude. The reliability and accuracy of our data were verified against the results of previous studies; some differences could be attributed to the effects of climate, soil, and topography. We demonstrate that PI-SWERL can be used to reflect differences in the emissions of different dust sources, which is of great significance with regard to the study of regional or even global dust emissions.
中文关键词	腾格里沙漠 ; 粉尘释放 ; 便携式粉尘观测仪(PI-SWERL) ; PM_(10)通量 ; 摩阻风速
英文关键词	Tengger Desert dust emission PI-SWERL PM_(10) flux friction velocity
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5445352
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/232954
作者单位	南京大学地理与海洋科学学院地貌过程与环境实验室, 南京, 江苏 210023, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	崔梦淳,鹿化煜,冯晗,等. 便携式粉尘观测仪测定腾格里沙漠和毛乌素沙地PM_(10)释放通量[J],2015,60(17):1621-1630.
APA	崔梦淳,鹿化煜,冯晗,&徐志伟.(2015).便携式粉尘观测仪测定腾格里沙漠和毛乌素沙地PM_(10)释放通量.科学通报,60(17),1621-1630.
MLA	崔梦淳,et al."便携式粉尘观测仪测定腾格里沙漠和毛乌素沙地PM_(10)释放通量".科学通报 60.17(2015):1621-1630.