干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 新疆吐鲁番胜金店墓地小麦遗存加工处理方式初探

Arid

	新疆吐鲁番胜金店墓地小麦遗存加工处理方式初探
其他题名	PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE METHOD OF WHEAT PROCESSING FROM SHENGJINDIAN CEMETERY, TURPAN IN XINJIANG
	李晶静 1; 张勇 2; 张永兵 2; 王龙 2; 蒋洪恩 1
来源期刊	第四纪研究
ISSN	1001-7410
出版年	2015
卷号	35 期号:1 页码:218-228
中文摘要	脱粒是谷物加工处理的重要环节之一。本文选择新疆吐鲁番胜金店墓地M9墓葬出土大量保存完好的小麦遗存进行原始脱粒方式分析,并尝试结合现代小麦原始脱粒方式模拟实验,将现代模拟实验结果与古代材料进行对比分析,从而初步探讨新疆吐鲁番地区先民的小麦脱粒方式。本文首先对胜金店墓地M9墓葬出土的小麦遗存进行初步分类,将不同的小麦脱粒产品与副产品(麦秆、花序轴、小穗轴等)进行分析和统计;其次设计并完成现代小麦脱粒模拟实验,包括手搓、徒手摔打、木棍击打等3种相对原始的小麦脱粒方式,统计不同脱粒方式所产生的小麦加工产品与副产品的组合比例;将现代模拟实验所得结果与M9墓葬出土小麦遗存进行进一步对比分析。研究结果表明,在距今约2000多年前,新疆吐鲁番胜金店先民可能使用木棍击打方式对小麦进行脱粒。
英文摘要	Crop processing is one of the most important subjects in archaeobotany. The studies of crop processing not only will provide important information about plant utilization by the ancient people, but also will help us in understanding the agricultural technique and its development during the past several thousand years. Furthermore the result of crop processing will help us to reconstruct the product activities,the social system,as well as the crop distribution in ancient time. The Shengjindian cemetery lies on the north sloping lands of Flaming Mountains (Huoyan Shan) and it is in the north of Turpan basin, 30km east of Turpan City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Due to the typical continental desert climate, many ancient artifacts and plant remains have been well preserved. In Tomb M9, many well-preserved wheat remains were discovered,which helped us a lot for the study of the ancient threshing method by the indigenous people more than 2000 years ago. First of all, we classified the wheat remains into different groups of threshing by-products. According to the statistic results, the wheat remains could be divided into four categories. The first group is the untouched inflorescent, with a percentage of 3. 9% ; the second one was incomplete inflorescent,accounting for 5. 8% ; the third one was rachis, accounting for 1. 9% ; the last one was broken rachis, with a percentage of 88. 4%. The above results show that the wheat remains should have been threshed by the ancient Shengjindian people. In addition, modern experiments were also applied to investigate the ancient threshing method. Three different sorts of primeval thresh simulation experiments were designed,involving rubbing the panicles unarmed, tossing the panicles to the floor by holding its straws, as well as striking the wheat with a stick. And then the morphology and combination of the by-products were observed and counted. The result shows that: (1) Different modes of threshing generate different by-product combination and proportion; (2) The combination of by-products (separation of rachis and straw percentage: 95.5%,broken rachis percentage: 80%) from striking the wheat with a stick is different from the method of rubbing the panicles unarmed (separation of rachis and straw percentage : 4. 4%,broken rachis percentage : none) and the mod of tossing the panicles to the floor by holding its straws (separation of rachis and straw percentage : 3. 3% ; broken rachis percentage : none) ; (3) The relative percentages of broken rachis and separation of spikelet and straw can be used to distinguish the different ways of threshing methods. Finally,the combination and proportion of wheat remains and threshing by-products of three sorts of different simulation experiments were analyzed. According to the statistic result and cluster analysis, the combination and proportion of the ancient wheat remains of M9 was close to the result by the method of striking the wheat with a stick. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the ancient wheat should be threshed by using the method of striking the wheat with a stick by the ancient Shengjindian people more than 2000 a B. P.
中文关键词	新疆吐鲁番 ; 胜金店墓地 ; 小麦脱粒方式
英文关键词	Turpan in Xinjiang Shengjindian cemetery wheat crop-processing
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	HISTORY
WOS研究方向	History
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5346902
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/232557
作者单位	1.中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所, 中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室, 北京 100044, 中国; 2.吐鲁番学研究院, 吐鲁番, 新疆 838000, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李晶静,张勇,张永兵,等. 新疆吐鲁番胜金店墓地小麦遗存加工处理方式初探[J],2015,35(1):218-228.
APA	李晶静,张勇,张永兵,王龙,&蒋洪恩.(2015).新疆吐鲁番胜金店墓地小麦遗存加工处理方式初探.第四纪研究,35(1),218-228.
MLA	李晶静,et al."新疆吐鲁番胜金店墓地小麦遗存加工处理方式初探".第四纪研究 35.1(2015):218-228.