干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 新疆连作棉田施用生物炭对土壤养分及微生物群落多样性的影响

Arid

	新疆连作棉田施用生物炭对土壤养分及微生物群落多样性的影响
其他题名	Impact of Biochar Application on Soil Nutrients and Microbial Diversities in Continuous Cultivated Cotton Fields in Xinjiang
	顾美英 1; 刘洪亮 2; 李志强 2; 刘晓伟 2; 唐光木 3; 徐万里 3
来源期刊	中国农业科学
ISSN	0578-1752
出版年	2014
卷号	47 期号:20 页码:4128-4138
中文摘要	【目的】研究生物炭处理对新疆连作棉田土壤养分和微生物多样性的影响,为农业废弃物的合理利用和防治棉花连作障碍提供科学依据和理论指导。【方法】在大田覆膜滴灌栽培条件下,测定土壤养分含量,并采用常规培养法,结合Biolog 微平板技术对连作棉田根际和非根际土壤可培养微生物、生理菌群数量和碳源利用进行分析,研究施用生物炭对新疆石河子垦区灰漠土和风沙土土壤养分和微生物多样性的影响。灰漠土试验分别设生物炭+常规NPK施肥(BC+CK)和常规NPK 施肥(CK)两种,生物炭施用量22.5 t·hm~(-2);风沙土设低量生物炭+常规NPK施肥(BC1+CK)、高量生物炭+常规NPK 施肥(BC2+CK)和常规NPK 施肥(CK)3种,低量生物炭施用量22.5 t·hm~(-2),高量生物炭施用量45 t·hm~(-2)。【结果】施用生物炭对新疆连作棉田根际和非根际土壤 pH和养分有一定的影响。和常规施肥相比,灰漠土 pH降低或差异不显著,风沙土则显著升高。有机质含量两组灰漠土根际土壤分别增加36.1%和7.9%,非根际土壤分别增加32.8%和15.4%;风沙土低量生物炭和高量生物炭根际土壤分别增加63.6%和295.1%,非根际土壤分别增加93.5%和108.8%。灰漠土其余养分含量规律不明显,风沙土速效磷和速效钾含量有增加趋势,速效氮含量降低。施用生物炭对新疆连作棉田根际土壤细菌和真菌数量有提升作用,风沙土作用效果好于灰漠土。两组灰漠土根际土壤细菌数量分别提高2.2%和72.1%,真菌数量分别提高80.0%和83.3%;风沙土低量和高量生物炭处理细菌数量分别提高16.1%和35.7%,真菌数量均提高了300.0%。同时施用生物炭提高了灰漠土根际和非根际土壤纤维素分解菌和自生固氮菌的数量,但亚硝化细菌数量有降低趋势;风沙土根际和非根际土壤5类生理菌群的数量均显著提高。土壤微生物群落碳源利用表明,施用生物炭土壤微生物活性差异不显著或显著提升,但风沙土根际土壤微生物的作用效果好于非根际土壤;根际土壤Shannon 指数有升高趋势。【结论】总体而言,施用生物炭能提高新疆灰漠土和风沙土连作棉田根际土壤养分和微生物多样性,且风沙土的改良效果好于灰漠土。
英文摘要	【Objective】 The objective of this experiment is to explore the effects of biochar application treatment on soil nutrients and microbial diversities in continuous cultivated cotton fields in Xinjiang. The results might provide a scientific basis and practical guidance for optimal utilization of agricultural wastes and prevention of the continuous cultivation problems in cotton fields.【Method】Under the field cultivation conditions, nutrient contents were determined,and traditional microbial cultivation method and Biolog microplate technique were used to study soil microbial communities, the number of physiological bacterial groups and microbial carbon utilization in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere. Soil nutrients, microbial community characteristics and functional diversities of different biochar treatments were analyzed in grey desert soil and aeolian sandy soil in Shihezi irrigation zone. The experiment designs in grey desert soil were, respectively, biochar+conventional fertilizer (BC+CK) and CK treatments, and biochar application amounts were 22.5 t·hm~(-2). The experiment designs in aeolian sandy soil were BC1+CK, BC2+CK and CK treatments,biochar application amounts of 22.5 (BC1) and 45.0 (BC2) t·hm~(-2), respectively. 【Result】 Biochar application had influence on pH and nutrients in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils in continuous cultivated cotton fields. Compared with CK, pH of grey desert soils decreased or had no significant difference, that in aeolian sandy soils increased significantly. OM of two groups of gray desert rhizosphere soils increased by 36.1% and 7.9%, that in non-rhizosphere soils increased by 32.8% and 15.4%, respectively. OM of aeolian sandy rhizosphere soils with low and high biochar application increased by 63.6% and 295.1%, that in non-rhizosphere soils increased by 93.5% and 108.8%, respectively. There was no obvious regularity in nutrient contents of grey desert soils, available P and available K increased, but available N decreased in aeolian sandy soils. Biochar application increased, the numbers bacteria and fungi in rhizosphere soils in continuous cultivated cotton fields, and the effect in aeolian sandy soil was better than that in grey desert soil. The numbers of soil bacteria in rhizosphere of grey desert soils with biochar application rates increased by 2.2% and 72.1%,respectively, and the numbers of soil fungi increased by 80.0% and 83.3%, respectively. In contrast, the numbers of soil bacteria in rhizosphere in aeolian sandy soils with low and high biochar application rates increased by 16.1% and 35.7%, respectively, and the numbers of soil fungi increased by 300.0% and 300.0%, respectively. Furthermore, the amounts of Cytophaga and Azotobacter were enhanced by biochar application in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of grey desert soil, while the amounts of Nitrifier showed a decreasing trend. The amounts of physiological soil bacterial groups were significantly improved in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of aeolian sandy soil. Carbon source utilization of soil microbial community showed that soil microbial activities for treatment with biochar application had no significant difference or significantly improved, comparing with the control treatment. However, the effect on soil microbes in rhizosphere of aeolian sandy soil was better than that in non-rhizosphere soil, since the Shannon richness index of rhizosphere soil had a rising trend. 【Conclusion】 Biochar application could improve soil nutrients and microbial diversities in rhizosphere of continuous cultivated cotton fields in Xinjiang, while the soil improvement effect on aeolian sandy soil was better than that on grey desert soil.
中文关键词	生物炭 ; 养分 ; 微生物多样性 ; biolog微平板技术 ; 连作棉田 ; 新疆
英文关键词	biochar nutrient soil microbial diversity biolog microplate technique continuous cultivated cotton field Xinjiang
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5265271
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/232131
作者单位	1.新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所, 新疆特殊环境微生物实验室;;新疆农科院绿洲养分与水土资源高效利用重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830091, 中国; 2.石河子农业科学研究院, 石河子, 新疆 832000, 中国; 3.新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830091, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	顾美英,刘洪亮,李志强,等. 新疆连作棉田施用生物炭对土壤养分及微生物群落多样性的影响[J],2014,47(20):4128-4138.
APA	顾美英,刘洪亮,李志强,刘晓伟,唐光木,&徐万里.(2014).新疆连作棉田施用生物炭对土壤养分及微生物群落多样性的影响.中国农业科学,47(20),4128-4138.
MLA	顾美英,et al."新疆连作棉田施用生物炭对土壤养分及微生物群落多样性的影响".中国农业科学 47.20(2014):4128-4138.