干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 施氮方式对玉米根系生长、产量和氮素利用的影响

Arid

	施氮方式对玉米根系生长、产量和氮素利用的影响
其他题名	Effects of Nitrogen Supply Methods on Root Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Use of Maize
	漆栋良; 吴雪; 胡田田
来源期刊	中国农业科学
ISSN	0578-1752
出版年	2014
卷号	47 期号:14 页码:2804-2813
中文摘要	【目的】垄植沟灌技术在西北内陆地区应用广泛,但往往施氮方式单一,在大田常规沟灌条件下,研究不同施氮方式对春玉米根系生长及产量和氮素利用效率的影响,揭示不同施氮方式下根系的生长分布及产量和氮素利用规律,探求西北内陆干旱、半干旱地区沟灌条件下合理施氮方法。【方法】以金穗4号春玉米为供试材料,连续两年在大田条件下,采用垄植沟灌技术,设均匀沟氮(CN,即两侧沟同时均匀施氮)、交替施氮(AN,即两侧沟交替施氮)和固定施氮(FN,即始终给一侧沟施氮)3种处理。各处理施氮量均为200kgN·hm~(-2),氮肥选用尿素,分3次开沟施入,基施50%,大喇叭口期和抽雄期各追肥25%;磷肥选用过磷酸钙,作为底肥开沟前均匀撒施,施磷量45kgP_2O_5·hm~(-2)。灌溉定额3750m~3·hm~(-2),分别在播后、拔节期、大喇叭口期、抽雄期和灌浆期灌水,灌水定额相同。分别在抽雄期、灌浆期和成熟期监测0100cm 土层各层(每20cm 一层)植株下方、植株左侧和右侧的玉米根系长度,并根据采样土体折算根长密度。收获后测定产量及植株全氮量,折算氮素利用效率。【结果】玉米根系主要聚集在植株下040cm 土层,随着土层深度增加,根长密度呈递减趋势。监测期内,根长密度大小表现为:均匀沟施>交替施氮>固定施氮。040cm 土层根长密度以均匀施氮较大,60100cm 土层中根长密度以固定施氮较大。固定施氮下,植株两侧根长密度值差异明显;均匀施氮和交替施氮下,植株两侧根长密度值相近。均匀施氮下,两年平均氮素吸收量、产量和氮素利用效率的值分别为217.8kgN·hm~(-2)、10318kg·hm~(-2)和47.3kg·kg~(-1)N。较固定施氮和交替施氮,氮素吸收量平均提高了4.3%和2.5%;产量平均提高了8.5%和4.4%;氮素利用效率平均提高了4.1%和1.9%。【结论】均匀施氮在监测生育期内维持了较大根量,植株左右两侧根系分布最均匀;固定施氮下,根系在植株左右两侧分布差异明显;交替施氮表现介于均匀施氮和固定施氮之间。在维持玉米根系的生长和产量形成方面,均匀施氮表现最好,交替施氮次之,固定施氮最差。常规沟灌条件下,氮肥均匀撒施在两侧沟内为较好的施氮方式。
英文摘要	【Objective】Ridge-furrow irrigation has been promoted widely in northwestern China, but short in alternative nitrogen application. This article described the effects of different nitrogen application methods on root growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of spring maize under field condition in conventional furrow irrigation situation, in order to reveal the pattern of root growth and distribution, yield, and nitrogen use under different nitrogen application methods and explore the reasonable nitrogen applications fitting to arid and semi-arid region in northwestern China.【Method】Spring maize variety Jinsui 4 was used as the experimental materials and was planted with ridge-furrow irrigation for two consecutive years. There were three treatments: conventional nitrogen supply (CN, nitrogen was applied evenly on both furrows), alternate nitrogen supply (AN, nitrogen was applied alternately in one of the furrows) and fixed nitrogen supply (FN, nitrogen was applied fixed in one furrow). Nitrogen was applied at 200 kg N·hm~(-2) in each treatment. Urea nitrogen was selected and applied at three times: 50%, 25% and 25% with basal application in sowing, topdressing in spike formation and tasseling stages, respectively. Calcium superphosphate was applied as a base fertilizer, evenly spreaded at the rate of 45 kg P_2O_5·hm~(-2). The irrigation norm was 3 750 m~3·hm~(-2) was conducted after sowing and at the stages of jointing, spike formation, tasseling and filling, respectively. Root lengths under the plant, in the right and left of the plant of maize in the soil layers of 0-100 cm were measured at the growth stages of maize tasselling, filling and maturity stages of maize, and each 20 cm as one layer. Root length density was calculated through the body of the sampling. Yield and the total nitrogen of the plant were measured after harvest and the nitrogen use efficiency was calculated. 【Result】The results showed that, maize roots were mainly gathered under the plant in the soil layer of 0-40 cm. Root length density showed a decreasing trend with the soil depth increasing. In general, the root length density of maize was the largest in CN, the second place was in AN and smallest in FN during the monitoring period. Root length density was larger in CN in the soil layer of 0-40 cm while was larger in FN in the soil layer 60-100 cm. As in FN, root length density had a significant difference between right and left sides of the plant. The root length densities were nearly the same between right and left side of the plant in CN. The average nitrogen uptake rate, yield and nitrogen use efficiency in CN in two years was 217.8 kg N·hm~(-2), 10 318 kg·hm~(-2) and 47.3 kg·kg~(-1)N, respectively. Compared with FN and AN, the nitrogen uptake rate in CN improved averagely by 4.28% and 2.50%, respectively; the yield improved averagely by 8.45% and 4.42%, respectively; the nitrogen use efficiency improved averagely by 4.08% and 1.87%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Obviously, CN could maintain a larger root mass and had a most uniform distribution of roots between right and left sides of the plant during the monitoring period. Roots distribution between right and left sides of the plant had a significant difference under FN. The AN was located between CN and FN in maintaining root growth. As maintaining of the root growth and yield formation in three treatments, the CN was the best, AN was the second and FN was the worst. It was suggested that in condition of conventional furrow irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied evenly on both furrows and it is a good way for nitrogen applications.
中文关键词	施氮方式 ; 根长密度 ; 产量 ; 氮素利用效率 ; 玉米
英文关键词	nitrogen application methods root length density yield nitrogen use efficiency maize
类型	Article
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Agriculture
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5198859
来源机构	西北农林科技大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/232128
作者单位	漆栋良, 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国.; 吴雪, 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国.; 胡田田, 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	漆栋良,吴雪,胡田田. 施氮方式对玉米根系生长、产量和氮素利用的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学,2014,47(14):2804-2813.
APA	漆栋良,吴雪,&胡田田.(2014).施氮方式对玉米根系生长、产量和氮素利用的影响.中国农业科学,47(14),2804-2813.
MLA	漆栋良,et al."施氮方式对玉米根系生长、产量和氮素利用的影响".中国农业科学 47.14(2014):2804-2813.