干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 辽西半干旱区垄膜沟种方式对春玉米水分利用和产量的影响

Arid

	辽西半干旱区垄膜沟种方式对春玉米水分利用和产量的影响
其他题名	Effect of Ridge Film Mulching Technique and Furrow Seeding of Spring Corn on Water Use and Yield in Semi-Arid Region in Liaoxi Area
	肖继兵; 孙占祥; 蒋春光; 刘志; 郑家明; 冯良山
来源期刊	中国农业科学
ISSN	0578-1752
出版年	2014
卷号	47 期号:10 页码:1917-1928
中文摘要	[目的] 春玉米是辽西地区的主要作物,其整个生育期需水量较多,但该区降水资源短缺且降水变率大,时空分布不均,有限降水难以满足春玉米高产稳产所需。垄膜沟种可有效汇集天然降水,提高降水资源化程度,开展相关研究以充分有效地利用该区有限的自然降水,提高农田水分利用效率,促进玉米稳产高产。[方法] 20072013年在辽宁朝阳地区进行玉米垄膜沟种微集雨种植试验,研究不同种植模式对土壤水分、玉米产量和农田水分利用效率的影响。试验设垄膜沟种(沟内不覆盖,T1)、垄膜沟覆秸秆(T2)、垄膜沟覆膜(T3)和传统种植(CK)4种处理,随机区组设计,3次重复。传统种植为垄沟种植,行距50 cm,垄膜沟种方式为沟垄相间排列,沟宽80 cm,垄宽40 cm,垄高15 cm,垄上覆膜为集雨区,沟为种植区,种植2行玉米。各处理种植密度为52 500株/hm~2左右,种肥为磷酸二铵(375 kg·hm~(-2),N 18%,P_2O_5 46%),拔节初期追施尿素(375 kg·hm~(-2),N 46%)。[结果] 垄膜沟种微集雨种植可有效汇集天然降雨,2009年和2010年玉米出苗率分别提高13.0%和14.9%,出苗时间提前12 d。前期长时间无有效降雨的情况下,一场有效降雨过后,土壤贮水量增加幅度依次为T2>T1>CK>T3,T1和T2种植区水分入渗深度至少达到60 cm,而CK水分入渗深度只有40 cm,产流效率为61%,T1和T2蓄墒增加率分别为72%和88%。各处理生育期间土壤水分平均值从大到小依次为T2>T1>T3>CK,其值分别为140.93、 135.27、127.85和118.98 mm,较对照分别增加18.45%、13.69%和7.46%。20072013年,T1T3产量比对照分别增产24.31%32.58%、9.95%17.81%、32.12%37.16%、16.58%27.96%、2.50%9.40%、10.85%29.33%和4.14%17.95%,T1、T2和T3较对照平均增产幅度分别为14.52%、20.01%和23.44%。20072012年,T1T3水分利用效率较对照分别增加24.66%36.07%、14.12%23.73%、38.34%53.89%、29.07%35.68%、1.20% 19.60%和9.02%32.55%,T1、T2和T3水分利用效率较对照平均增加幅度分别为20.39%、27.94%和28.02%。在相对干旱年份,产量和水分利用效率增加幅度较大。[结论] 通过连续7年进行旱作农田垄膜沟种微集雨种植试验,明晰了该技术模式在辽西半干旱地区的集雨、蓄水和保墒效果,有效减轻春季干旱对春播保苗和幼苗生长造成的不利影响,丰富了辽西半干旱地区旱作集水农业的理论基础。通过该项技术的推广应用,可有效提高该区降水资源利用率和农田水分利用效率,使玉米稳产高产,从而促进该区旱作农业健康、可持续发展。该项研究对中国北方旱作集水农业的发展也具有重要的借鉴意义。
英文摘要	[Objective] Spring corn was the staple crop in Liaoxi area, but the shortage of precipitation and the big precipitation variation and its uneven distribution of time and space are the key limiting factor in the area. The limited rainfall can not meet the demand of stable and high yield of spring corn. Ridge film mulching and furrow seeding can collect natural precipitation effectively and improve rainfall resource availability. The purpose of this study is to make full use of the limited natural rainfall, improve water use efficiency of dry farming area and promote high and stable yield of spring corn.[Method] Micro-rainwater-collecting planting mode by ridge film mulching and furrow seeding for spring corn was carried out for the sake of studying the effect of different planting patterns on soil water, yield and water use efficiency in 2007-2013. Four treatments were made in this experiment: ridge film mulching and furrow seeding (furrow was uncovered, T1), ridge film mulching and furrow straw mulching (T_2), ridge and furrow film mulching (T3) and the traditional planting (CK). The experiment was designed by random grouping and repeated three times. The traditional planting was sowing in furrows, line spacing was 50 cm. Ridges and furrows of ridge film mulching and furrow seeding were in opposite arrangement, furrow width was 80 cm and ridge width was 40 cm, ridge height was 15 cm. The ridge was the rain collecting area. The furrow was the planting area and two lines of corn were planted. Planting density of different treatments was 52 500 plants/hm~2. Seed manure was diammonium phosphate(375 kg·hm~(-2), N 18%, P_2O_5 46%)and topdressing was urea (375 kg·hm~(-2), N 46%).[Result] The results showed that the ridge film mulching and furrow seeding could collect natural rainwater effectively, raise emergence rate of spring corn by 13.0% and 14.9% and emergence time was 1-2 d early in 2009-2010. Under the condition of no effective rainfall for a long time in early days, the order of increase of soil water storage in different treatments was T2>T1>CK>T3 after an effective rainfall. T1 and T2 enhanced water infiltration depth to 60 ㎝ in planting area compared with the control, which was 40 cm.
中文关键词	半干旱区 ; 春玉米 ; 垄膜沟种 ; 产量 ; 水分利用效率
英文关键词	semiarid region spring corn ridge film mulching and furrow seeding yield water use efficiency
类型	Article
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Agriculture
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5154624
来源机构	中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/232125
作者单位	肖继兵, 辽宁省水土保持研究所, 朝阳, 辽宁 122000, 中国.; 蒋春光, 辽宁省水土保持研究所, 朝阳, 辽宁 122000, 中国.; 刘志, 辽宁省水土保持研究所, 朝阳, 辽宁 122000, 中国.; 孙占祥, 辽宁省农业科学院, 沈阳, 辽宁 110161, 中国.; 郑家明, 辽宁省农业科学院, 沈阳, 辽宁 110161, 中国.; 冯良山, 辽宁省农业科学院, 沈阳, 辽宁 110161, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	肖继兵,孙占祥,蒋春光,等. 辽西半干旱区垄膜沟种方式对春玉米水分利用和产量的影响[J]. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,2014,47(10):1917-1928.
APA	肖继兵,孙占祥,蒋春光,刘志,郑家明,&冯良山.(2014).辽西半干旱区垄膜沟种方式对春玉米水分利用和产量的影响.中国农业科学,47(10),1917-1928.
MLA	肖继兵,et al."辽西半干旱区垄膜沟种方式对春玉米水分利用和产量的影响".中国农业科学 47.10(2014):1917-1928.